Peripheral Arterial Disease of the Lower Limbs: Epidemiological and Ultrasound Profile of Patients with Stenosis at the Conakry University Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs (PAD) is a partial or total obliteration of one or more arteries intended for the lower limbs by atheroma. Its prevalence increases with age, but also with other major cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. Its diagnosis is essentially based on arterial Doppler ultrasound, which studies the topography and extension of the lesions, thus constituting the essential tool for therapeutic decision-making. The objective was to describe the epidemiological and ultrasound profile of patients with atheromatous arterial stenosis of the lower limbs. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study running from 1 January 2019 to 31 March 2020, we took a duration of 15 months. This study was carried out at the Conakry University Hospital (Donka and Ignace Deen Hospitals). Results: In our series, the average age was 64.7 ± 13 years, with a sex ratio of 1.04. The average age was 64.7 ± 13 years, with a sex ratio of 1.04. The average age of the women in our series was 64.7 ± 13 years. Risk factors were dominated by advanced age (78.67%), diabetes (58%), hypertension (57%) and physical inactivity (47.66%). Among the 300 patients, 145 were carriers of atheromatous arterial stenosis, or a frequency of 48.33%. The leg arteries were the most affected, followed by the common femoral arteries. Concerning the degree of stenosis, patients with stenosis greater than 70% were the most represented. Conclusion: Peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs (AOMI) is a pathology not to be neglected in Guinea. Patients have several risk factors : stenosis is an important part of the ultrasound lesions of this disease.