Peripheral arterial disease: Effects of ethanolic extracts of seed kernels of mango (Mangifera indica .L) on acute hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats

Abstract

Background and aim Hind limb ischemia is one of the peripheral arterial diseases affecting majority of the people with atherosclerosis, diabetes and chronic cigarette smokers. Hind limb ischemic-reperfusion injury is also one of the exacerbating events in these peoples, resulting in hind limb dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of ethanolic extracts of mangifera indica (EEMI) on reversing hind limb dysfunction in diabetic rats with acute hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. Experimental procedure Unilateral femoral artery ligated diabetic rats were orally fed with EEMI (0.2 and 0.4 g/kg) for 14 days. At the end of the study, plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and relevant biochemical parameters were measured. The isolated gastrocnemius muscles were used for gene expression and histopathological studies. Results There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde; and the expression levels of mRNA of induced nitric oxide synthase and intercellular adhesion molecule −1; and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine, in isolated gastrocnemius muscles of animals treated with 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg of EEMI in comparison to disease control. In addition, histopathological study of gastrocnemius muscle and hind limb function test indicated the recovery of tissue damage from ischemic reperfusion at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg of EEMI in comparison to disease control. Conclusion We conclude that 14-day EEMI treatment of rats with acute hind limb ischemia/reperfusion in diabetic rats recovered from ischemic/reperfusion injury by modulating (decreasing) oxidative stress and inflammation.

The promotion action of AURKA on post-ischemic angiogenesis in diabetes-related limb ischemia

“…Increased oxidative stress is the characteristic feature of endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular pathology both in human and animals (Huang 2009 ), and it is also induced by unregulated high glucose levels (Whiting et al 2008 ). Diabetes and ischemia-induced the accumulation of ROS mediated endothelial cell death and decreased anti-oxidant enzyme level which is required for GSH synthesis (RamPravinKumar et al 2021 ), and the above phenomena were confirmed in our in vivo and in vitro studies. The depletion of AURKA could promote ROS production thereby inducing cell apoptosis (Wang et al 2016 ), suggesting its potential anti-oxidant effect in diabetic limb ischemia.…”

Selected Plant-Derived Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Peripheral Artery Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Efficacy and Safety

“…An extract of Mangifera indica administered to LDL-receptor-deficient mice for 2 weeks produced a reduction in plasma and liver cholesterol levels, ROS production in spleen mononuclear cells and increased plasma total antioxidant capacity [ 146 ]. Mangiferin activity in PAD was also indirectly investigated using ethanolic extracts of mango seed (EEMI) in an acute hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion model [ 147 ]. Streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats underwent a femoral artery ligation and, then, received EEMI (0.2–0.4 g/kg) for 14 days.…”

“…Blood flow was observed to be significantly higher in treated animals than in the controls. The plasma levels of malondialdehyde, IL–6, TNF–α and IL–1β were reduced, while glutathione and IL–10 levels were increased in EEMI-treated animals, suggesting anti-inflammatory modulation [ 147 ]. In general, given the above reported experimental data, mangiferin appears to offer promise in the prevention and treatment of vascular disease also linked to diabetes and dyslipidemia.…”

AN ECO-FRIENDLY DYE FOR BATIK CLOTHES: A NATURAL DYE SOLUTION MADE OF MANGO SEEDS EXTRACT (Mangifera indica L.)

“…The kernel contained in the seeds (mango seed kernel: MSK) is a good source of carbohydrates (58-80%), contains moderate amounts of protein (6-13%), and has a fat content (6-16%) [15]. Meanwhile, a study of mango seeds in the area of medicine found that mango seeds are a by-product that is usually discarded even though they are identified as a natural source of phenolic compounds with health-promoting activities as well as multifunctional bioactive ingredients for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications [20], [21], [22]. The effect of the ethanolic extract contained in mango seeds can restore tissue damage in acutely injured hind limb ischemia in diabetic rats [23].…”