Peripheral and Neurochemical Parallels of Psychopathology: A Psychophysiological Model Relating Autonomic Imbalance to Hyperactivity, Psychopathy, and Autism

Porges, Stephen W.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60094-4

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the simple mechanical change in respiration has a powerful influence on the cardiac response pattern. There are individual differences in the effectiveness of this relationship: Hyperactive and retarded children tend to have less coupling between respiration and cardiac response patterns than normal cohorts (see Porges, 1976). The present study adds valuable information regarding the effect of respiration on cardiac patterns by identifying task influences which affect the cardiac-respiratory relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory influences on cardiac responses during attention

Cheung

Porges

1977

Psychobiology

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The effects of respiration inhibition on cardiac responses were investigated during two attentional tasks: reaction time and visual search. The responses were partitioned into two sequential components: a short-latency (reactive) acceleration and a longer latency (tonic) component characterized by directional and stabilization changes. The reactive cardiac response components were independent of changes in respiratory activity. Respiration inhibition during the tonic interval was related to both cardiac deceleration and stabilization in the reaction time task but not during visual search.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory influences on cardiac responses during attention

Cheung

Porges

1977

Psychobiology

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“…Porges (1976Porges ( , 1992 has suggested that this pathway may mediate the psychophysiological responses associated with sustained attention that have been observed across the life span.…”

Section: Ascending Brainstem Pathways and Functions Related To Alertnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Visual Attention in Infancy

Colombo

2001

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

547

548

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Over the past decade, the study of attention in infancy has seen dramatic progress. This review delineates four attentional functions (alertness, spatial orienting, attention to object features, and endogenous attention) that are relevant to infancy and uses these functions as a framework for summarizing the developmental course of attention in infancy. Rudimentary forms of various attentional functions are present at birth, but each of the functions exhibits different and apparently dissociable periods of postnatal change during the first years of life. The role of attention in development should therefore be considered in the context of interaction among different systems at different levels of maturity during the first years of life.

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“…However, younger children with autism might not show this pattern of response. Porges (1976Porges ( ,1984 has proposed a model of attention in which he identifies a reactive component or "orienting response" (Sokolov, 1963) to stimuli. Behaviorally, the orienting response involves turning one's head to the stimulus of interest and suppressing bodily movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Affect Aversive to Young Children with Autism? Behavioral and Cardiac Responses to Experimenter Distress

et al. 1998

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The aim of this study was to determine whether displays of negative emotions are more aversive to young children with autism than displays of neutral emotions. The attention, behavioral reactions, facial affect, and cardiac responses of 22 autistic and 22 mentally retarded 3-5-year-old children were compared when an experimenter pretended to hurt herself and showed strong distress in contrast to when the experimenter pretended to hurt herself but showed only neutral affect. The children in both diagnostic groups looked more at the experimenter and appeared more interested and concerned when she displayed strong distress than when she showed neutral affect. The heart rate of the mentally retarded children decreased during the distress condition relative to a baseline condition, but the heart rate of the children with autism did not change across conditions. In summary, the children with autism gave no evidence of being overly aroused by or avoiding the distressed experimenter.

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Peripheral and Neurochemical Parallels of Psychopathology: A Psychophysiological Model Relating Autonomic Imbalance to Hyperactivity, Psychopathy, and Autism

Cited by 69 publications

References 45 publications

Respiratory influences on cardiac responses during attention

Respiratory influences on cardiac responses during attention

The Development of Visual Attention in Infancy

Is Affect Aversive to Young Children with Autism? Behavioral and Cardiac Responses to Experimenter Distress

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