Peripapillary Vascular Density in Compressive Optic Neuropathy and Normal-Tension Glaucoma: A Severity-Controlled Comparison

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the differences in peripapillary vessel density (VD) between compressive optic neuropathy (CON) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods We compared patients with chronic CON and NTG, particularly after strictly controlling the mean extent of macular damage by the area of the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) loss in optical coherence tomography (OCT). We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and GCIPL thickness from OCT and peripapillary and macular VD from OCT angiography (OCTA) between the CON and NTG groups. Results From the initial 184 patients with CON and 443 patients with OAG, we included 41 patients with CON (57 eyes) and 64 patients with NTG (75 eyes) with a comparable extent of macular GCIPL thinning. Under similar mean macular involvement, the peripapillary VD was significantly lower in the CON group than in the NTG group after considering the effects of age, spherical equivalent, visual field sensitivity, peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thickness, GCIPL thickness, and image quality scores ( P < 0.001). Marked loss of VD in the temporal and nasal sectors in CON was notable, attributing to the significantly lower peripapillary VD compared to NTG. Conclusions Patients with CON had a significantly lower peripapillary VD than those with NTG under similar mean degrees of pRNFL thickness and GCIPL damage. Our results reveal the potential utility of OCTA VD besides OCT pRNFL thickness, in relation to different topographic patterns of pRNFL loss, and possible differences in the pathogenesis of microvascular compromise between CON and NTG.