Periostin is essential for periodontal ligament remodeling during orthodontic treatment

Xu, Huiyong; Nie, Ermin; Deng, Gang; Lai, Lingzhi; Sun, Feng-Yang; Tian, Hua; Fang, Fuchun; Zou, Ya-guang; Wu, Buling; Ouyang, Jun

doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6200

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Orthodontic treatment is highly related to collagen fiber remodeling in the ECM of PDL, which mainly consists of mature Col-III and immature Col-I fibers (Becker et al, 1991; Xu et al, 2017). Therefore, investigations on dynamic changes of collagen content would help us to clarify the biological response of PDL to mechanical loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Distribution and Collagen Remodeling of Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Jin

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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Periodontal ligament (PDL), as a mechanical connection between the alveolar bone and tooth, plays a pivotal role in force-induced orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, how mechanical force controls remodeling of PDL collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to evaluate the stress distribution and ECM fiber remodeling of PDL during the process of OTM. An experimental tooth movement model was built by ligating a coil spring between the left maxillary first molar and the central incisors. After activating the coil spring for 7 days, the distance of tooth movement was 0.324 ± 0.021 mm. The 3D finite element modeling showed that the PDL stress obviously concentrated at cervical margin of five roots and apical area of the mesial root, and the compression region was distributed at whole apical root and cervical margin of the medial side (normal stress < −0.05 MPa). After force induction, the ECM fibers were disordered and immature collagen III fibers significantly increased, especially in the apical region, which corresponds to the stress concentration and compression area. Furthermore, the osteoclasts and interleukin-1β expression were dramatically increased in the apical region of the force group. Taken together, orthodontic loading could change the stress distribution of PDL and induce a disordered arrangement and remodeling of ECM fibers. These findings provide orthodontists both mechanical and biological evidences that root resorption is prone to occur in the apical area during the process of OTM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Distribution and Collagen Remodeling of Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Jin

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Critical osteogenic factors including runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) are upregulated in human PDLSCs under cyclic tensile strain in vitro (Tang et al 2012; Shen et al 2014), as well as in PDL during OTM (Kawarizadeh et al 2005; Takimoto et al 2015; Fu et al 2016). To date, many factors and signaling pathways have been reported to be involved in osteogenesis in response to orthodontic tensile force, including Wnt/β-catenin pathway, Hippo-Yes–associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) signaling, and periostin (Fu et al 2016; Rangiani et al 2016; Zhang et al 2016; Huelter-Hassler et al 2017; Xu et al 2017; Sun et al 2018). Sclerostin is known to be a key negative regulator of bone mass by antagonizing canonical Wnt signaling via binding to LRP5/6 on the surface of osteoblasts (Li et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axin2+ PDL Cells Directly Contribute to New Alveolar Bone Formation in Response to Orthodontic Tension Force

Wang

Xie

et al. 2022

J Dent Res

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Wnt–β-catenin signaling plays a key role in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), a common clinical practice for malocclusion correction. However, its targeted periodontal ligament (PDL) progenitor cells remain largely unclear. In this study, we first showed a synchronized increase in Wnt–β-catenin levels and Axin2+ PDL progenitor cell numbers during OTM using immunostaining of β-catenin in wild-type mice and X-gal staining in the Axin2-LacZ knock-in line. Next, we demonstrated time-dependent increases in Axin2+ PDL progenitors and their progeny cell numbers within PDL and alveolar bones during OTM using a one-time tamoxifen-induced Axin2 tracing line ( Axin2CreERT2/+; R26RtdTomato/+). Coimmunostaining images displayed both early and late bone markers (such as RUNX2 and DMP1) in the Axin2Lin PDL cells. Conversely, ablation of Axin2+ PDL cells via one-time tamoxifen-induced diphtheria toxin subunit A (DTA) led to a drastic decrease in osteogenic activity (as reflected by alkaline phosphatase) in PDL and alveolar bone. There was also a decrease in new bone mass and a significant reduction in the mineral apposition rate on both the control side (to a moderate degree) and the OTM side (to a severe degree). Thus, we conclude that the Axin2+ PDL cells (the Wnt-targeted key cells) are highly sensitive to orthodontic tension force and play a critical role in OTM-induced PDL expansion and alveolar bone formation. Future drug development targeting the Axin2+ PDL progenitor cells may accelerate alveolar bone formation during orthodontic treatment.

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“…Its expression was not significantly affected by either orthodontic force or irradiation. Other studies that have investigated the expression of periostin in the setting of orthodontic tooth movement but not in the context of irradiation have reported similar findings in both in vitro and in vivo settings [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. It seems that periostin is one of the local contributing factors in bone and periodontal tissue remodeling following mechanical stress during experimental tooth movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The Balance between Orthodontic Force and Radiation in the Jawbone: Microstructural, Histological, and Molecular Study in a Rat Model

Dorchin-Ashkenazi

Ginat-Koton

Gabet

et al. 2021

Biology

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Irradiation of facial bones is associated with a lifelong risk of osteonecrosis. In a rat model, maxillae were exposed to a single 5 Gy dose of external beam radiation and orthodontic force was applied for 2 weeks on the first maxillary molar; control rats were treated identically without radiation. Tooth movement in irradiated jaws was 30% less than in controls, representing radiation-related damage. Micro-CT, histological, and molecular outcomes of orthodontic tooth movement were studied. Microstructurally, bone parameters (trabecular thickness, bone volume fraction, bone mineral density) were significantly affected by orthodontic force but not by radiation. Histological parameters were influenced only by orthodontic force, especially by an increase in osteoclasts. A molecular study revealed a differential distribution of cells expressing pre-osteoclast markers (RANK+—majority, CD11b+, CD14+—minority), with changes being influenced by orthodontic force (increased CD11b+ and CD14+ cells) and also by radiation (decreased RANK+ cells). The activation status of osteoclasts (TRAP staining) showed an orthodontic-force-related increase, which probably could not fully compensate for the radiation-associated impairment. The overall balance showed that orthodontic force had elicited a substantial microstructural, histological, and functional normalization process in irradiated maxillae but a radiation-induced impact was still conspicuous. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings.

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Periostin is essential for periodontal ligament remodeling during orthodontic treatment

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Stress Distribution and Collagen Remodeling of Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Stress Distribution and Collagen Remodeling of Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Axin2+ PDL Cells Directly Contribute to New Alveolar Bone Formation in Response to Orthodontic Tension Force

The Balance between Orthodontic Force and Radiation in the Jawbone: Microstructural, Histological, and Molecular Study in a Rat Model

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