Periostin in Allergy and Inflammation

Abstract

Matricellular proteins are involved in the crosstalk between cells and their environment and thus play an important role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. Periostin, a matricellular protein, has several documented and multi-faceted roles in health and disease. It is differentially expressed, usually upregulated, in allergic conditions, a variety of inflammatory diseases as well as in cancer and contributes to the development and progression of these diseases. Periostin has also been shown to influence tissue remodelling, fibrosis, regeneration and repair. In allergic reactions periostin is involved in type 2 immunity and can be induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in bronchial cells. A variety of different allergic diseases, among them bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD), have been shown to be connected to periostin expression. Periostin is commonly expressed in fibroblasts and acts on epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts involving integrin and NF-κB signalling. Also direct signalling between periostin and immune cells has been reported. The deposition of periostin in inflamed, often fibrotic, tissues is further fuelling the inflammatory process. There is increasing evidence that periostin is also expressed by epithelial cells in several of the above-mentioned conditions as well as in cancer. Augmented periostin expression has also been associated with chronic inflammation such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Periostin can be expressed in a variety of different isoforms, whose functions have not been elucidated yet. This review will discuss potential functions of periostin and its different isoforms in allergy and inflammation.

Upregulation of Periostin Through CREB Participates in Myocardial Infarction-induced Myocardial Fibrosis

“…[15][16][17] In particular, periostin was provided to be expressed in allergy, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumors for its promotive role in intermolecular interactions. 18,19 It has been reported that some of its activities were mediated by its binding to cell surface receptors of the integrin family. 19,20 The enhanced secretory function of heart proximal infarction area ensures the timeliness of fibrous repair and effectively prevents the occurrence of cardiac rupture.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Periostin in the Treatment of Graves’ Orbitopathy

“…Periostin has potential to become a novel prognostic biomarker and treatment target for many diseases including chronic fibrosis, inflammation, allergy and cancer. Enhanced periostin levels can be detected in either tissue biopsy samples or serum, as periostin is secreted from pathologic tissue and transported into blood vessels ( 50 – 52 ). Several preclinical and clinical trials have been applied to demonstrate the efficacy of blocking periostin.…”

Periostin‐related progression of different types of experimental pulmonary hypertension: A role for M2 macrophage and FGF‐2 signalling

“…Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is involved in the fibrosis of diseased tissues and plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. 2 It has been reported that periostin regulates macrophage, vascular endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell functions. 3,4 Although several groups have demonstrated the contribution of periostin to the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH), [4][5][6] its exact role is still not well understood.…”

“…Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is involved in the fibrosis of diseased tissues and plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases 2 . It has been reported that periostin regulates macrophage, vascular endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell functions 3,4 .…”