Periostin expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of bone and joint

Abstract

BackgroundPeriostin is a matricellular protein that is expressed in bone and joint tissues. To determine the expression of periostin in primary bone tumours and to assess whether it plays a role in tumour progression, we carried out immunohistochemistry and ELISA for periostin in a range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic bone and joint lesions.Methods140 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of bone tumours and tumour-like lesions were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique with a polyclonal anti-periostin antibody. Periostin expression was also assessed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-inflammatory osteoarthritis (OA) synovium and synovial fluid immunohistochemistry and ELISA respectively.ResultsPeriostin was most strongly expressed in osteoid/woven bone of neoplastic and non-neoplastic bone-forming lesions, including osteoblastoma, osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia, fracture callus and myositis ossificans, and mineralised chondroid matrix/woven bone in chondroblastoma and clear cell chondrosarcoma. Reactive host bone at the edge of growing tumours, particularly in areas of increased vascularity and fibrosis, also stained strongly for periostin. Vascular elements in RA synovium strongly expressed periostin, and synovial fluid levels of periostin were higher in RA than OA.ConclusionsIn keeping with its known role in modulating the synthesis of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins in bone, strong periostin expression was noted in benign and malignant lesions forming an osteoid or osteoid-like matrix. Periostin was also noted in other bone tumours and was found in areas of reactive bone and increased vascularity at the edge of growing tumours, consistent with its involvement in tissue remodelling and angiogenesis associated with tumour progression.

Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid identifies periostin as a biomarker for anterior cruciate ligament injury

“…Similar lowercase letter (a) indicates statistical significance between groups at P < 0.05. correlated with the severity and the risk of progression of knee OA 24,25,35 . One contrasting study reported higher levels of POSTN in the synovial fluid of RA patients than in OA patients 36 . Cartilage from human and mouse OA knees has been shown to exhibit higher expression of POSTN than normal cartilage 12,23 .…”

“…The complete source of POSTN in the joint is not known although it is thought that many tissues in the joint express and produce POSTN such as bone 18 , cartilage 12,23,34 , ACL 12,15 , meniscus 40 and synovium 36 . However, to date, no quantitative comparison of POSTN expression between various joint tissues has been reported.…”

Periostin and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Score as Novel Prognostic Markers for Leiomyosarcoma, Myxofibrosarcoma, and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

“…Interestingly, periostin was found to be mainly localized in tumor cells in osteosarcoma tissues, and correlated with vessel density (31). Scanty data are instead available on its detection in STS (32). Our results clearly show for the first time that this multifunctional protein may be overexpressed in tissue samples of the three studied subtypes.…”

Periostin: An Emerging Molecule With a Potential Role in Spinal Degenerative Diseases

“…Although POSTN is not expressed in bone cells (88), the relationship between POSTN and bone cells has been demonstrated by several studies. For instance, POSTN has been shown to interact with Notch receptors and to exert an anti-apoptotic effect on osteocytes under mechanical stress (89).…”