Periostin: biology and function in cancer

Abstract

Periostin (POSTN), a member of the matricellular protein family, is a secreted adhesion-related protein produced in the periosteum and periodontal ligaments. Matricellular proteins are a nonstructural family of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that regulate a wide range of biological processes in both normal and pathological conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated the key roles of these ECM proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, periostin is an essential regulator of bone and tooth formation and maintenance, as well as cardiac development. Also, periostin interacts with multiple cell-surface receptors, especially integrins, and triggers signals that promote tumor growth. According to recent studies, these signals are implicated in cancer cell survival, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the most current data regarding periostin, its structure and isoforms, expressions, functions, and regulation in normal and cancerous tissues. Emphasis is placed on its association with cancer progression, and also future potential for periostin-targeted therapeutic approaches will be explored.

Electroanalytical Immunotool to Determine Matricellular Protein Periostin, a Stromal Biomarker of Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer

“…Therefore, the high sensitivity of the developed methodology allowed us to provide the first quantitative data for POSTN in these cellular samples. In fact, the low concentrations for the target protein in the cell extracts (3.9–18 pg μg −1 ) agreed with previous observations from the literature reporting that POSTN was mainly produced by the stromal cells surrounding the tumor, with CRC epithelial cells being negative or low in the production of POSTN [13,15,53] . It is important to mention that studies by Xiao et al [54] .…”

Single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal POSTN+ cancer‐associated fibroblasts correlated with immune suppression and tumour progression in non‐small cell lung cancer

“…org/) showed that POSTN acted as a hub gene in the interaction networks connecting with several marker genes of POSTN + CAFs, such as TGFBI, COL1A2, MMP2 and MMP11 (Figure 5D). Besides, POSTN upregulation was detected in the tumour tissues of other cancers (Figure 5E), consistent with previous reports on POSTN overexpression in a variety of human malignancies, 15 suggesting that POSTN might serve as a common marker for tumour malignant potential. 63 We plotted the survival curves of NSCLC patients from the TCGA database using the gene signature for POSTN + CAFs or POSTN alone.…”

“…14 Periostin (encoded by POSTN) is a matricellular protein overexpressed in cancers including NSCLC compared to normal tissues. 15,16 CAFs producing periostin promoted the maintenance of cancer stem cell niche, angiogenesis, tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. [17][18][19][20] Recent studies underscored the essential roles of crosstalk between CAFs and tumour-infiltrating immune cells on shaping the immune-suppressive TME.…”

“…Due to phenotypic diversity, classical markers such as α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), and fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) could identify a proportion of CAFs, while more relevant biomarkers are under research 14 . Periostin (encoded by POSTN ) is a matricellular protein overexpressed in cancers including NSCLC compared to normal tissues 15,16 . CAFs producing periostin promoted the maintenance of cancer stem cell niche, angiogenesis, tumour growth, invasion and metastasis 17–20 .…”

Periostin C-Terminal Is Intrinsically Disordered and Interacts with 143 Proteins in an In Vitro Epidermal Model of Atopic Dermatitis

“…In atopic dermatitis, dermal fibroblasts overexpress periostin in response to the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 that are essential for the atopic dermatitis pathogenesis, and via integrin-binding on keratinocytes in the epidermis periostin elicits a cellular response that maintains the Th2 inflammation . Simple models of atopic disease have been generated by treating keratinocytes or lung fibroblasts in vitro with Th2 cytokines. − In several cancer types, periostin is overexpressed in tumor or stromal tissue and is found to promote metastasis . Studies using monoclonal antibodies against epitopes on the C-terminal domain (CTD) of periostin show inhibition of general and cancer-associated functions of periostin like cell adherence, proliferation, cell migration, tumor growth, and metastasis, indicating that the CTD of periostin participates in these processes. , These studies stress the importance of understanding the CTD of periostin, as this might be the key to completely understanding the role of periostin in both health and disease.…”