Periorbital Dirofilariasis

Kersten, Robert C.; Locastro, Anthony J.; Eberhard, Mark L.; Spaulding, Abbot G.; Kulwin, Dwight R.

doi:10.1097/00002341-199412000-00015

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In South America, around 50 cases have been found, mainly in southwestern Brazil (273,358,442) and sporadically in Costa Rica, Argentina, Venezuela, and Colombia (39,65,370,442). Regarding reported cases of subcutaneous/ocular dirofilariasis in North America, these have been frequently attributed to Dirofilaria tenuis and Dirofilaria ursi or D. ursi-like species (92,113,173,179,200,314,315,450,451) and to Dirofilaria spp. and D. immitis in a single case (423).…”

Section: Dirofilariasis In Human Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Dirofilariasis represents a zoonotic mosaic, which includes two main filarial species ( Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens ) that have adapted to canine, feline, and human hosts with distinct biological and clinical implications. At the same time, both D. immitis and D. repens are themselves hosts to symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia , the study of which has resulted in a profound shift in the understanding of filarial biology, the mechanisms of the pathologies that they produce in their hosts, and issues related to dirofilariasis treatment. Moreover, because dirofilariasis is a vector-borne transmitted disease, their distribution and infection rates have undergone significant modifications influenced by global climate change. Despite advances in our knowledge of D. immitis and D. repens and the pathologies that they inflict on different hosts, there are still many unknown aspects of dirofilariasis. This review is focused on human and animal dirofilariasis, including the basic morphology, biology, protein composition, and metabolism of Dirofilaria species; the climate and human behavioral factors that influence distribution dynamics; the disease pathology; the host-parasite relationship; the mechanisms involved in parasite survival; the immune response and pathogenesis; and the clinical management of human and animal infections.

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Section: Dirofilariasis In Human Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human and Animal Dirofilariasis: the Emergence of a Zoonotic Mosaic

et al. 2012

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“…Surgical removal of the parasite or excision of an encapsulated mass with the parasite within is adequate treatment [3,4,5,6,7,8]. If secondary infection occurs, a systemic antibiotic and corticosteroids are advisable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reviewing the literature, it is apparent that all ocular and periocular sites can be involved in the most common to least common fashion, namely the subcutaneous tissue of the eyelids, the periorbital and orbital region, sclera, conjunctiva, ciliary body, anterior chamber, retina and vitreous [3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12]. However, the lacrimal gland itself has been reported only once so far as a Dirofilaria worm site [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Lacrimal Gland Dirofilariasis

Juri

Kuzman²,

Stiglmayer³

et al. 2007

Ophthalmologica

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A patient with a diagnosis of chronic and idiopathic unilateral dacryoadenitis was submitted to our clinic for diagnostic reasons from a regional hospital. Within a period of 1 year, this was the second onset of a swelling in the region of the lacrimal gland which – unlike the first time – showed resistance to antibiotic treatment. The patient’s general and ophthalmic condition was good, and his only complaint was of cosmetic nature because of the disfiguring swelling in the lateral part of the left upper eyelid. Basic laboratory findings showed no abnormalities and radiographic imaging showed enlargement of the left lacrimal gland without bony destruction. Guided by epidemiological data for noninfectious dacryoadenitis we decided to perform excisional biopsy of the left lacrimal gland. To our surprise, the pathologist verified the presence of a worm of the genus Dirofilaria, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the second reported case of lacrimal gland dirofilariasis in the literature and the second reported case of such a disease in Croatia.

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“…Humans are considered as dead end hosts and when exposed, larvae either die at the bite site or following a period of migration in subcutaneous tissues but do not mature to adult worms. 1,2 The clinical presentation varies with the species of Dirofilariae. For example, D. repens in which hosts are dogs and cats in Europe and Asia causes chronic subcutaneous painful nodules of the face, chest wall, upper arms or thighs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans may be infected incidentally and infections, although rare, may involve the lung, subcutaneous tissues and joints. 1 We are highlighting the important clinical species of Dirofilariae that infects humans. This report will alert the physicians to consider Dirofilariae parasite as a differential diagnosis of an inflammatory subcutaneous mass which can occur in the temporal area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%