“…Ketamine is often used for anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation, but its applications beyond anesthesia are involved in the treatment of addiction, depressive episodes, asthma, and even inhibit cancer growth ( Ivan Ezquerra-Romano et al, 2018 ; Nowacka and Borczyk, 2019 ; Mihaljević et al, 2020 ; Ritter et al, 2020 ; Adegbola et al, 2023 ). In addition, ketamine can also protect various tissues from IRI ( Xiao et al, 2012 ; Li et al, 2018 ).…”