Perioperative Oral Administration of Cystine and Theanine Enhances Recovery After Distal Gastrectomy

Miyachi, Tomohiro; Tsuchiya, Takashi; Oyama, Atsushi; Abe, Naomi; Sato, Atsuko; Chiba, Y.; Kurihara, Saburo; Shibakusa, Tetsuro; Mikami, Takashi

doi:10.1177/0148607112458798

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The need for GSH is thought to increase under these conditions. We previously described that the intake of cystine and theanine for 10 days during the perioperative period led to the early resolution of high postoperative levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) and early recovery from changes in neutrophil and lymphocyte counts [8]. Cystine and theanine has also been shown to produce similar effects in mouse digestive tract surgery models and to prevent decreases in intestinal GSH; these effects were considered to be partly explained by the supply of GSH [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients

et al. 2016

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BackgroundNutritional therapy is used to reduce the adverse events (AEs) of anticancer drugs. Here, we determined whether the amino acids cystine and theanine, which provide substrates for glutathione, attenuated the AEs of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsPatients scheduled to receive S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy were randomized to the C/T or the control groups. The C/T group received 700 mg cystine and 280 mg theanine orally 1 week before the administration of S-1, which then continued for 5 weeks. Each group received S-1 for 4 weeks. Blood sampling was performed and AEs were evaluated (CTCAE ver. 4.0) before and after the administration of S-1. S-1 was discontinued when AEs ≥ grade 2 occurred.ResultsThe incidences of AEs of any grade and those over grade 2 were lower in the C/T group than in the controls. The incidence of diarrhea (G ≥ 2) was significantly less (p < 0.05) in the C/T group (3.1 %) than in the controls (25.8 %). The duration and completion rate of the S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly longer (p < 0.01) and higher (p < 0.01), respectively, in the C/T group (complete ratio: 75.0 %, duration: 24.8 ± 5.8 days) than in the controls (complete ratio: 35.5 %, duration: 20.0 ± 7.7 days).ConclusionsThe oral administration of cystine and theanine attenuated the AEs of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy and increased the S-1 completion rate, suggesting that cystine and theanine is a useful supportive care for chemotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients

et al. 2016

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“…Another study found a link between the synergistic effect of L-THE and cysteine in ameliorating inflammatory responses in the intestinal tract [76]. Miyachi et al [76] demonstrated that the co-treatment of L-THE (280 mg) and cysteine (700 mg) post-surgery alleviated post-gastrectomy inflammation.…”

Section: Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-Theanine as a Functional Food Additive: Its Role in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

et al. 2016

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Tea has been consumed for thousands of years and is an integral part of people's daily routine, as an everyday drink and a therapeutic aid for health promotion. Consumption of tea has been linked to a sense of relaxation commonly associated with the content of the non-proteinogenic amino acid theanine, which is found within the tea leaves. The aim of this review article is to outline the current methods for synthesis, extraction and purification of theanine, as well as to examine its potential benefits related to human health. These include improvements in cognitive and immune function, cancer prevention, reduced cardiovascular risk and its potential usefulness as a functional food product.The relative concentration of L-THE in the Camellia sinensis plant varies between the plant's structures, over maturation and through the growth period. Recent studies have indicated that L-THE is distributed across the entirety of the plant with concentrations ranging between 1.2 and 6.2 mg/g fresh weight, with higher concentrations being expressed in the roots (6.2-13.7 mg/g). The biosynthesis of L-THE is proposed to occur in the roots of the plant and it is then transported towards the leaves [11]. The shading treatment and nitrogen fertilisation have been shown to influence the L-THE levels and the total free amino acid content in the Camellia sinensis plant [12]. Although most often related to GT, L-THE is present at similar levels in other types of teas made from the plant, including black, white and oolong teas [13]. Chemical, Physical and Flavour PropertiesL-THE is a water soluble non-proteinous amino acid [14] containing a glutamine backbone within the core of L-THE as well as existing as an ethylamide derivate of glutamate [15]. It is stable in acidic conditions but yields glutamic acid and ethylamine during base hydrolysis [8,16]. L-THE is insoluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and methanol, which facilitates the easy separation of L-THE from caffeine, catechins and other lipophilic tea constituents [8]. Aqueous L-THE solutions (1% (w/v)) stabilised at pH 5-6, were found to be stable (>1 year) under normal environmental conditions [8,16,17] and have a boiling point higher than that of water (range 214-216˝C) [8]. Furthermore, its systematic nomenclature is described as (2S)-2-amino-5-(ethylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid (C 7 H 14 N 2 O 3 , M.W. = 174.2 g/mol) [18]. and L-glutamic acid-gamma-ethylamide have also been used to denote L-THE and it is also available under the proprietary name Suntheanine ® [5,19]. Similar to other amino acids in nature, theanine is a chiral species and occurs predominantly as the L-(S) enantiomer (Figure 1), whereas a synthetically derived theanine is typically a racemic mix of L-and D-enantiomers. As such, the use of synthetically derived theanine may not necessarily exhibit the same physiological effects as theanine found "naturally" occurring in foods [8].

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“…In addition, oral administration with L-theanine and L-cystine before vaccination can enhance the immune response to influenza vaccine in elderly persons with low haemoglobin [53]. Oral administration of L-cystine and L-theanine during the perioperative period alleviates post-gastrectomy inflammation and promotes recovery after surgery [54]. Supplementation of L-cystine and L-theanine significantly suppresses the exercise-induced fluctuation of blood immunocompetent cells, and helps to reduce alterations of the immune response by both attenuating the rise of neutrophil count and reducing the lymphocyte count caused by extreme endurance exercise [55][56][57].…”

Section: Improving Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of Theanine in Green Tea: A Review

Liang¹,

Liu²,

Xiang³

et al. 2015

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Theanine is an amide exclusively present in tea and some fungi, and is an important bioactive component of tea. The bioactive effects of theanine include antitumour, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, anti-stress activities, and the ability to improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It also has protective effect on nerve cells against damage induced by environmental neurotoxins as well as on liver from injury induced by excessive alcohol intake. The bioactive functions of theanine as well as its pharmacokinetics are presented in this review.

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Perioperative Oral Administration of Cystine and Theanine Enhances Recovery After Distal Gastrectomy

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients

Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients

l-Theanine as a Functional Food Additive: Its Role in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Health Benefits of Theanine in Green Tea: A Review

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