Perioperative inflammatory response and protein S‐100β concentrations – relationship with post‐operative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients

Abstract

The serum levels of pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 and S-100β protein increased after total hip-replacement in elderly patients, and such increase may serve as predicting parameters for the occurrence of POCD.

Neuroinflammation and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: What Do We Know?

“…These lines of evidence suggest that neuroinflammation is a significant pathological process for POCD. In line with the results obtained from animal studies, anesthesia and surgery induced a robust neuroinflammatory response in humans, as evidenced by the enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and HMGB1 (14,15,(24)(25)(26)(27). Furthermore, the development of POCD is also associated with neuronal injury markers, including S100 calcium-binding protein B (S-100β), glial fibrillary acid protein, and neuron-speci fi c enolase concentrations (25)(26)(27).…”

“…Furthermore, the development of POCD is also associated with neuronal injury markers, including S100 calcium-binding protein B (S-100β), glial fibrillary acid protein, and neuron-speci fi c enolase concentrations (25)(26)(27). For example, elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and S-100β protein, were detected in elderly patients who developed POCD after total hip replacement (24). However, another study indicated that the decline in cognition at 1 month after shoulder surgery is associated with elevated plasma glial fibrillary acid protein concentration, but not S100β or neuron-specific enolase concentrations (25).…”

Effects of preconditioning of electro-acupuncture on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial

“…IL-10, an important antiinflammatory cytokine in vivo, is mainly produced by activated T, B, and mononuclear cells. The changes of IL-6 can reflect the degree of surgical stimulation and injury, [20] whereas IL-10 can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, which play an anti-inflammatory role. [21] As a marker protein of glial cells, S100b protein is mainly expressed in astrocytes and Schwann cells.…”

Peripheral Cytokines as a Chemical Mediator for Postconcussion Like Sickness Behaviour in Trauma and Perioperative Patients: Literature Review

“…Hogevold et al [16] reported that chemical mediators particularly Il-6, CK, TNF-alpha and IL-1 are strongly correlated with muscular injury response and surgery, which supports our opinion. Li et al [17] found that only elevations in IL-6, S100b, were associated with cognitive impairment and delirium, following hip fracture surgery [17, 18]. Perioperative increase in CRP and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and -10 is associated with neurocognitive deficits (NCD) in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass [6, 19].…”