Perioperative GMCSF limits the proangiogenic plasma protein changes associated with colorectal cancer resection

Minimally invasive colon resection is associated with a transient increase in plasma sVEGFR1 levels and a decrease in sVEGFR2 levels during the early postoperative period

“…There is in vitro EC culture evidence that POD 5 plasma is proangiogenic compared with preoperative plasma in regards to branch point formation [33]. Also, while the affinity of VEGFR1 for VEGF is greater than that of VEGFR2, there is a far higher concentration of VEGFR2 on the EC membrane.…”

Minimally invasive colon resection for malignant colonic conditions is associated with a transient early increase in plasma sVEGFR1 and a decrease in sVEGFR2 levels after surgery

“…Adjuvant chemotherapy, when indicated, is started 4 to 6 weeks after surgery despite experimental and human evidence that suggest that the first postoperative month is a dangerous time for patients with cancer. In an effort to provide treatment during this highrisk period, several investigators have performed Phase 1 type clinical studies in which antineoplastic agents were administered to patients with CRC during the immediate perioperative period [1][2][3].…”

Plasma from the second and third weeks after open colorectal resection for cancer stimulates in vitro endothelial cell growth, migration, and invasion

“…resection and may stimulate tumor growth in patients with residual micrometastases [1,2]. Persistent postoperative elevations in plasma levels of VEGF, angiopoietin 2, placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) have been noted in MICR cancer patients and may account, in part, for the proangiogenic effects of the plasma [1,3].…”