Perioperative Beta Blocker in High Risk Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery and Its Effect on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity

Abstract

Background: Perioperative cardiac complications are an important concern for the millions of individuals who undergo surgery worldwide every year. After surgery, 2% of these patients suffer major cardiac complications. Aim of the Work:To study the effects of perioperatively administered beta-blockers for prevention of surgery-related mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery while under general anesthesia.Patients and Methods: This is an observational prospective study, in which 240 patients were divided into 2 groups (120 patients each) as follows: Beta blocker group (BB group) 120 patients on beta blocker (Bisoprolol 5 mg) started more than 15 days preoperative and continued for at least 7 days postoperative. Control group: 120 patients not receiving any beta blocker.Results: In this study, results showed no difference between 2 groups regarding cerebrovascular events and heart failure. Equal cases of mortality happened to patients in both groups. As regards hypothension with SBP<90 mmHg, we found that it occurred to 32 patients representing 26.7 % of beta blocker group, compared to 18 patients representing 15 % of the control group. Conclusion:Analysis of the results concluded that Patients on beta blocker are at less risk of perioperative arrhythmias and myocardial infarction when undergoing high risk surgeries. These patients are at higher risk of experiencing episodes of bradycardia and hypotension. No significant effect on perioperative heart failure, cerebrovascular stroke and mortality.