Periodontitis prevalence and severity in inflammatory bowel disease: A case–control study

Abstract

Background: Recent evidence is supporting the notion of a microbiological and immunological continuum on the gum-gut axis in health and disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk indicators of periodontitis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to age-and sex-matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A total of 180 IBD (117 CD, 60 UC, 3 IBD-unclassified) and 180 healthy controls were compared for their periodontitis diagnosis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology [CDC/AAP] case definition) and full-mouth periodontal parameters. In addition, explorative logistic regression models were performed. Results: Significantly more patients with IBD had moderate/severe periodontitis (85.6% vs. 65.6%, p < 0.001) and severe periodontitis (36.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001) than controls. Differences were higher in the 35-50 and 51-65 age groups, without significant changes between CD and UC. IBD subjects presented chances ∼3.5 higher of having moderate/severe periodontitis (p < 0.001). Significant variables associated with periodontitis in the whole sample were older age, presence of IBD, and higher full-mouth plaque scores, whereas in the IBD group they were male sex, IBD-associated surgery, and IBD duration and localization (pancolitis).Positive risk indicators for IBD were periodontitis severity and higher bleeding scores, while smoking was negatively associated with UC.Conclusions: Relevant associations between IBD and periodontitis were found, being modified by CD and UC clinical characteristics. Preventive and therapeutic strategies involving the gum-gut axis should be enforced in IBD patients.

Dental Caries, Dental Erosion and Periodontal Disease in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…A recent study using the full-mouth clinical periodontal assessment in a large group of patients established a relationship between IBD severity and periodontal diseases 40 . According to Kitamoto et al periodontal disease, aggravates gut inflammation by supplying the gut with both colitogenic pathobionts and pathogenic T cells 41 .…”

Susceptibility of periodontitis and its impact on patients with inflammatory bowel disease

“…Differences were more pronounced in the 35-to 50-year-old and 51-to 65-yearold age groups, but there were no significant differences between CD and UC. 26 However, in contrast, a casecontrol study asserted that IBD was not related to worsening periodontal diseases, indicating that IBD did not necessarily enhance susceptibility to periodontitis. 27 Factors such as the elderly age group, and smoking status, were found to have greater odds of developing periodontitis and its severity in IBD patients.…”

Oral Health in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Qualified for Biologic Treatment

“…In contrast, other researchers observed higher values of plaque indices in IBD patients but no significant differences in caries and periodontal status between the study and control groups [ 20 ]. However, in the most recent studies from 2022, the authors found that the progression of periodontitis is closely associated with a worsening of the course of IBD [ 21 , 22 ]. Therefore, preventive and therapeutic strategies concerning the oral–gut axis should be imposed in IBD patients.…”