Periodontitis Is Associated With Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background: Recent investigations have demonstrated a positive association between periodontitis and pregnancy complications. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodontitis and the subgingival microbial composition on preeclampsia.Methods: A case-control study was carried out in Cali, Colombia that included 130 preeclamptic and 243 nonpreeclamptic women between 26 to 36 weeks of pregnancy. Sociodemographic data, obstetric risk factors, periodontal status, and subgingival microbial composition were determined in both groups. Preeclampsia was defined as blood pressure ‡140/90 mm Hg, and ‡2+ proteinuria, confirmed by 0.3 g proteinuria/24 hours of urine specimens. Controls were healthy pregnant women. Odds ratios (ORs) for periodontitis and subgingival microbiota compositions were calculated.Results: A total of 83 out of 130 preeclamptic women (63.8%) and 89 out of 243 controls (36.6%) had chronic periodontitis (OR: 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.91 to 4.87; P <0.001). Clinical attachment loss increased in the case group (4.0 -0.10 mm) compared to the control group (3.0 -0.08 mm) (P <0.001). The average newborn birth weight from preeclamptic mothers was 2.453 g, whereas in controls was 2.981 g (P <0.001). Two red complex microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythensis, and the green complex microorganism Eikenella corrodens were more prevalent in the preeclamptic group than in controls (P <0.01).Conclusions: Chronic periodontal disease and the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and E. corrodens were significantly associated with preeclampsia in pregnant women. Further research is needed to establish pathogenic mechanisms of active periodontal disease and subgingival periodontopathogens related to preeclampsia development.

Relationship between General Health, Lifestyle, Oral Health, and Periodontal Disease in Adults: A Large Cross-sectional Study in Japan

“…For example, mothers with severe periodontal disease have been reported to be at high risk of premature delivery, low-weight babies 4,16,18,20,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] , and preeclampsia 5,6,13,18,35) . Meanwhile, periodontal bacteria have been shown to cause heart disease 3,12,21) in adults.…”

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica em puérperas com doença periodontal e a sua relação com desfecho reprodutivo ruim.

“…Cerca de 30% dos partos pretermos são devido às condições médicas da mãe ou do feto, entre os quais, a pré-eclampsia tem um papel principal. Em geral, essa morbidade materna tem sido relatada associação com periodontite moderada ou severa, (Contreras et al, 2006;Kunnen et al, 2007;Riché et al,2002) localizada ou generalizada entre as gestantes com parto pretermo (Nabet et al, 2010).…”

“…A relação entre a presença de alguma bactéria periodontopatogênica ( Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que, nas parturientes estudadas, os desfechos obstétricos e fetais observados são relevantes devido à conhecida relação de baixo nível sócio-econômico com doença periodontal (Bosnjak et al, 2006;Contreras et al, 2006;Cruz et al, 2005;Cruz et al, 2009;Guimarães et al, 2010;Kunnen et al, 2007;Moore et al, 2001;Ovalle et al, 2009; 2008) e com desfechos reprodutivos ruins (Chan et al, 2010;Guimarães et al, 2010;Han et al, 2009;Louro et al, 2001). …”

“…Muito embora, esta variável demográfica se associa com o tipo de estudo empregado, uma variabilidade entre 25% a 73% tem sido observada nesta direção (Bassani et al, 2007;Bosnjak et al, 2006;Buduneli et al, 2005;Contreras et al, 2006;Cruz et al, 2009;Kunnen et al, 2007;López et al, 2002aLópez et al, , 2002bNabet et al, 2010;Rakoto-Alson et al, 2010;Vettore et al, 2008).…”

“…Esta situação sugere que o estado da doença periodontal nesta população possa ser considerado mais nativo. Este estudo compreendeu uma população bem definida com mulheres dando partos em um hospital público terciário, com alta experiência de cárie (83,87% e 72,04%, respectivamente) e hábitos de higiene oral (47% de placa dental) distantes do nível satisfatório, porém, compatíveis com vários estudos (Bassani et al, 2007;Budunelli et al,2005;Jarjoura et al ,2005;Lieff et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2005;Nabet et al, 2010;Vettore et al, 2008), mas discordantes com outros (Contreras et al, 2006;Rakoto-Alson et al, 2010).…”