Periodontal Tissue Condition on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Clinical Study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate periodontal tissue condition on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and its characteristics. Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 61 SLE patients. Clinical examination of the oral cavity was performed using periodontal index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and number of loose teeth. Also, we evaluated SLE duration, treatment duration, ethnics, marital status, educational background, family income, and occupation. Results: In the evaluation of periodontal tissue, 93.4% had bleeding on probing, 80.3% clinical attachment loss, and 16.3% loose teeth. A total of 54 patients (88.5%) with SLE had periodontitis. Seven subjects had no periodontitis, 11 mild periodontitis, 29 moderate periodontitis and 14 severe periodontitis. Mean Periodontal Index score, Gingival Index, Clinical Attachment Loss (mm), and the number of mobility teeth, Plaque Index and Calculus Index respectively were 2.66 ± 1.20, 1.95 ± 1.02, 0.75 ± 0.59 mm, 1,49 ± 1.77. There was a significant difference in periodontal index score, shown periodontitis between employment and unemployment subjects (p=0.004) and a moderate correlation between periodontitis and occupation. Conclusion: Periodontitis found as manifestations SLE patients, followed by bleeding on probing and loose teeth. Its characteristics is playing a role in periodontitis in SLE patients.

Role of Lymphocytes CD4/CD8 Ratio and Immunoglobulin G Cytomegalovirus as Potential Markers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Periodontal Disease

“…Clinical signs of advanced periodontitis are attachment loss, inflammation of the gingiva, and bone breakdown, which are found to be higher (88.53%) in SLE patients than control. 6,7 Periodontitis starts as gingival inflammation at the gingival margin and causes irreversible damage to the periodontium. Inflammation severity may vary among individuals based on the degree of bacterial infection, and dysregulation of host inflammatory response may substantially contribute to its extent.…”

Oral Hygiene and Dental Caries Status on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…A correlation of SLE within plaque index suggests that it is plaque-induced caries and poor oral hygiene, exacerbated by oral microbiota changes in SLE patients. A previous study also proves that correlation within autoimmune disease, especially SLE and plaque [7]. Plaque is accumulated food scrap and bacterial developing into calculus, the main causes of caries.…”

“…Higher SLE activity disease also resulting in poor oral hygiene due to immune response. Recent studies also found the activity of SLE had a strong positive correlation with infection, especially periodontitis [6,7,22,23].…”

“…Recently, studies reported an association between poor dental health with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) disease with a strong correlation (r<0.6). SLE patients had dental disease incidence reported 60-93% worldwide, higher than healthy patients with no systemic disease [7]. Oral manifestations have been found frequently in SLE patients, including recurrent infections or mouth ulcers, severe gingivitis, temporomandibular joint disorder, osteonecrosis of the mandible, hyposalivation (decrease of salivary flow), and excessive dental caries [12].…”

“…The manifestation of SLE in the oral cavity can be ulcerated lesions on the mucosa, cavities, and damage to periodontal tissue, periodontitis. Xerostomia is found 75%, ulcerated lesions 15-40%, cavities (33-60%) and periodontitis (60-93%) [7].…”