Periodontal microcirculation as revealed by plastic microspheres

Folke, Lars E. A.; Stallard, Richard E.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1967.tb01996.x

Cited by 55 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There have been numerous studies characterising the structure of the gingival vasculature (Carranza et al, 1966;Egelberg 1966;Folke and Stallard, 1967;Kindlova, 1965a;Kindlova and Matena, 1962;Kindlova and Trnkova, 1972;Kishi et al, 1990;Nuki and Hock, 1974;Sims et al, 1988;Weekes and Sims, 1986). Although there are some differences in the findings of these studies, there is generally good agreement in the overall pattern of gingival vessels.…”

Section: Vascular Changes In Gingivitis and Periodontitis Structure Omentioning

confidence: 86%

Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

Zoellner

Chapple

Hunter

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Gingivitis occurring when bacterial plaque accumulates in the gingival crevice provides a convenient and interesting model for chronic inflammation in humans. In some patients, gingivitis progresses to the destructive lesion of periodontitis, involving the formation of periodontal pockets. The basis for pocket formation and progression is not as yet clear, although neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) appear to play a protective role. Vascular changes appear to either facilitate or inhibit PMN function with the effect of either protecting from, or stimulating, periodontitis. Contrary to most circumstances, high endothelial cells in periodontitis are involved with PMN rather than lymphocyte emigration. Expansion of the microvasculature through increased vascular diameter and tortuosity as well as the development of high endothelial cells appears to protect from periodontitis by increasing the supply of both plasma defense factors and PMN to the tissues. Vascular changes that may oppose this and promote periodontitis are the formation of perivascular hyaline material and accumulation of basement membrane rests. The inadequate tissue turnover that accumulation of these vascular products represents can be argued as a vascular response to a chronic inflammation that has failed to eliminate the irritant. It is suggested that these vascular changes may account for the highly localized and burst-like pattern of pocket formation in periodontitis. Finally, it is possible that the recent observation that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for systemic vascular disease may reflect stimulation of acute phase protein synthesis by cytokines released by periodontal high endothelial cells.

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Section: Vascular Changes In Gingivitis and Periodontitis Structure Omentioning

confidence: 86%

Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

Zoellner

Chapple

Hunter

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…In the healthy marginal periodontium, the biood vessels located close to the periosteum of the alveolar process, and the vessels of the periodontal ligament function reasonably independent of each other (Kindlova 1965). The primary blood supply to the gingiva, however, is derived from the supraperiosteal vessels (Keller & Cohen 1955, Goldman 1956, Folke & Stallard 1967, Schuback & Goldman 1957, while the vesseis from the periodontal ligament support the supracrestal connective tissue and the tissue lateral to the junctional epithelium (Kindlova 1965). In healthy gingivae, functional connecfions between units originating from the 2 different vascular systems seldom occur (Carranza et al, 1966, Kennedy 1974, while in gingivitis and periodontitis a collateral circulation between the periodontal ligament and the gingival vasculature becomes established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The topography of the vascular systems in the periodontal and peri‐implant tissues in the dog

Berglundh

Lindhe

Jönsson

et al. 1994

J Clinic Periodontology

266

197

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The present investigation reports an animal experiment the objective of which was to study the vascular topography of the periodontium and the peri-implant soft and hard tissues in the beagle dog. 2 beagle dogs were used. The right mandibular premolars were extracted and healing allowed for 3 months. 2 titanium fixtures a.m. Brånemark were installed in the right premolar region. Abutment connection was performed 3 months later. The contra-lateral mandibular sites were used as tooth harboring control units. A 4-month period of meticulous plaque control was initiated. A clinical and radiographical examination was performed towards the end of this period and revealed that the gingiva and peri-implant mucosa were clinically healthy and that the bone tissue at teeth and implants had a normal height. The carotid arteries were perfused with a mixture of carbon and calf serum. 2 bucco-lingual sections, about 100-150 microns thick, and one mesio-distal section comprising the junctional epithelium and underlying connective tissue were sampled. The sections were treated, cleared and examined in a microscope. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that the vasculature of the gingiva and the supracrestal connective tissue at teeth is derived from two sources, namely the supraperiosteal vessels lateral of the alveolar process and the vessels of the periodontal ligament. The blood vessels of the peri-implant mucosa were found to be terminal branches of larger vessels originating from the periosteum of the bone of the implant site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…Based on these findings they concluded that increased flow due to heat provocation is shunted from the artery to the vein side. In the healthy gingival tissue the microvessels supplying the marginal gingiva run perpendicular to the outer surface forming long hairpin capillary loops (8,39,40). They receive their arterial blood supply mainly from the vessels from the periosteum of the alveolar process running parallel to the epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking

Molnár

Lohinai

Demeter

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Periodontal inflammation is associated with morphological changes in the blood vessels which may influence the regulation of gingival blood flow (GBF). Our aim was to adapt the heat provocation test to the human gingiva to assess vascular reactivity in periodontal inflammation. Method: GBF was recorded by Laser Doppler Flowmetry before and after heat provocation in healthy volunteers (n = 50). Heat was generated either by warm saline or a halogen lamp. The latter method was also utilized for a heat test in non-smoking and smoking patients with periodontal inflammation. The circulatory parameters were correlated to the inflammatory marker, i.e. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) production measured by Periotron. Results: Local application of heat caused a rapid, significant and transient increase in GBF regardless of the method used. The increase in the speed and not in the concentration of moving blood cells was responsible for increased GBF. Higher GCF values were correlated with increased peak flow, flux pulse amplitude and faster restoration of GBF after the test in non-smokers, but not in smokers. Conclusions: The heat test could be a valuable tool to check the vascular reactivity of gingival vessels. Moderate periodontal inflammation may facilitate gingival vascular responsiveness which can be suppressed by smoking.

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Periodontal microcirculation as revealed by plastic microspheres

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

The topography of the vascular systems in the periodontal and peri‐implant tissues in the dog

Assessment of heat provocation tests on the human gingiva: the effect of periodontal disease and smoking

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