Periodontal Microbiology

Dumitrescu, Alexandrina L.; Ohara, Masaru

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03010-9_2

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…We defined virulence-related gene products as those involved in colonization of, enhanced survival within, or evasion of host or those that directly cause pathological damage associated with disease, according to the work of Wassenaar and Gaastra ( 28 ). In addition to products commonly associated with virulence such as adhesins and antibiotic resistance genes, additional gene products found during periodontal disease that meet these criteria include those involved in bone resorption and tissue destruction ( 29 ). Thirty of the 191 significantly upregulated EC enzymes had virulence-related functions ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Metatranscriptome Changes Accompanying the Onset of Gingivitis

Nowicki

Shroff

Singleton

et al. 2018

mBio

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Over half of adults experience gingivitis, a mild yet treatable form of periodontal disease caused by the overgrowth of oral microbes. Left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more severe and irreversible disease, most commonly chronic periodontitis. While periodontal diseases are associated with a shift in the oral microbiota composition, it remains unclear how this shift impacts microbiota function early in disease progression. Here, we analyzed the transition from health to gingivitis through both 16S v4-v5 rRNA amplicon and metatranscriptome sequencing of subgingival plaque samples from individuals undergoing an experimental gingivitis treatment. Beta-diversity analysis of 16S rRNA reveals that samples cluster based on disease severity and patient but not by oral hygiene status. Significant shifts in the abundance of several genera occurred during disease transition, suggesting a dysbiosis due to development of gingivitis. Comparing taxonomic abundance with transcriptomic activity revealed concordance of bacterial diversity composition between the two quantification assays in samples originating from both healthy and diseased teeth. Metatranscriptome sequencing analysis indicates that during the early stages of transition to gingivitis, a number of virulence-related transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in individual and across pooled patient samples. Upregulated genes include those involved in proteolytic and nucleolytic processes, while expression levels of those involved in surface structure assembly and other general virulence functions leading to colonization or adaptation within the host are more dynamic. These findings help characterize the transition from health to periodontal disease and identify genes associated with early disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Metatranscriptome Changes Accompanying the Onset of Gingivitis

Nowicki

Shroff

Singleton

et al. 2018

mBio

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“…F. nucleatum is also among the dominant species of the oral cavity 12 , 13 and plays an essential role in the formation of dental plaque. It also promotes the colonization and invasion of tooth surfaces by other pathogenic species, which in turn stimulates the recruitment and activation of local immune cells, resulting in destruction of tooth-supporting tissues and progression of periodontitis 14 , 15 . F. nucleatum is abundant in salivary samples from patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in saliva and colorectal mucosa: a pilot study

Janati

Karp

Renteln

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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As evidence has been linking the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) to colorectal tumorigenesis, we aimed to produce preliminary data on the expression of F. nucleatum in both oral and colorectal body sites in cases diagnosed with colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and CRN-free controls. We conducted a pilot hospital-based case–control study among patients who underwent colonoscopy examination. Saliva samples and biopsies from healthy colon mucosa from CRN cases and CRN-free controls, and from tumors in cases, were collected, as well as data on periodontal condition and potential CRN risk factors. A total of 22 CRN cases and 21 CRN-free controls participated in this study, with a total of 135 biospecimens collected and analyzed by qPCR for detection and quantification of F. nucleatum. The detection rate of F. nucleatum was 95% in saliva samples and 18% in colorectal mucosa specimens. The median (95% CI) salivary F. nucleatum level was 0.35 (0.15–0.82) and 0.12 (0.05–0.65) in case and control groups, respectively, with a Spearman correlation of 0.64 (95% CI 0.2–0.94) between F. nucleatum level in saliva and healthy colorectal mucosa in controls. Our study results support the need for and the feasibility of further studies that aim to investigate the association between oral and colorectal levels of F. nucleatum in CRN cases and controls.Clinical Relevance: Considering the current evidence linking F. nucleatum to colorectal carcinogenesis, investigating the role of oral F. nucleatum expression in its colorectal enrichment is crucial for colorectal cancer screening and prevention avenues.

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“…Streptococcus and Actinomyces which predominate the healthy periodontium are replaced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia in periodontitis. [3] The enzymes produced by these microorganisms lyse the host proteins resulting in tissue destruction. Eradication of this pathological microbiota has shown to halt the progress of the periodontal destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increasing prevalence of edentulous state among children in Malaysia

Sivakumar¹

2018

jodm

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Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that destroys tissues and attachment apparatus, leading to loss of teeth. Porphyromonas gingivalis is essentially absent in healthy periodontal tissues while it is isolated at a significant amount in periodontitis. Thus, P. gingivalis is considered as a major microbial etiologic factor for periodontitis. Several therapeutic regimens including a combination of surgical and non-surgical techniques are available to control the spread of pathogenic microbes in the periodontal tissues. Most of these treatment options although effective have fallen short on establishing as the therapeutic gold standards. Thus, it is vital to explore novel therapeutic modalities for treating periodontitis effectively. Given the recent success of the use of ozone therapy as an antimicrobial, the present study explores its potential role in effectively controlling the P. gingivalis count in cases of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 adult patients diagnosed clinically as chronic periodontitis with gingival inflammation and pocket depth ≥5 mm were included in the study. Patients with systemic conditions and/or other oral lesions/diseases were excluded from the study. The gingival crevicular fluid of patients was collected using paper points. The collected samples were assessed for colony-forming units of P. gingivalis. All patients positive for the microbe were subjected to oral scaling followed by the first set of ozone therapy following which they were immediately evaluated for a microbial count. Cases which were positive post first set of ozone therapy were subjected to a second set of ozone therapy following which they were immediately assessed for the microbial count. Results: Of the 30 chronic periodontitis cases, only 12 (40%) showed the presence of P. gingivalis. These 12 patients were treated to a round of ozone therapy. The follow-up showed that of the 12 patients, six patients were negative for P. gingivalis and six patients were positive but had significantly reduced the count. Following a second round of ozone therapy for the six positive cases, five cases were negative and one case was positive but with a significantly reduced count. Conclusion:The results show that a single round of ozone therapy led to a substantial reduction in all the chronic periodontitis cases positive for P. gingivalis. The second round led to effectively inhibiting all but one case of the study sample. The sample which remained positive despite two rounds of ozone therapy had a relatively higher microbial count, to begin with. Thus, to conclude in the limited sample size of the present study, ozone therapy has shown to effectively control P. gingivalis count and could indeed be used as an adjunct to conventional treatment modalities for chronic periodontitis. Further, multicenter prospective studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of ozone therapy on a larger scale.

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Periodontal Microbiology

Cited by 3 publications

References 253 publications

Microbiota and Metatranscriptome Changes Accompanying the Onset of Gingivitis

Microbiota and Metatranscriptome Changes Accompanying the Onset of Gingivitis

Investigation of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in saliva and colorectal mucosa: a pilot study

The increasing prevalence of edentulous state among children in Malaysia

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