Periodontal disease: Repercussions in pregnant woman and newborn health—A cohort study

Abstract

The periodontal disease during pregnancy triggers an exacerbated immune response with high local and systemic concentrations of inflammatory markers. Objective To investigate the repercussion of periodontal disease (PD) in the pregnant woman health and the complications during pregnancy and delivery, as well as negative outcomes for the newborn (as infections, prematurity, low birth weight and fetal growth restriction). Method Retrospective cohort study, based on medical records of 142 pregnant women assisted at a prenatal service of usual risk between 2012-2014, with a dental evaluation for PD. Maternal variables, along with labor and newborn variables, were analyzed. The newborns were stratified into two groups: offspring of mothers with PD (subdivided into Severe Periodontal Disease-SPD) and offspring of mothers without PD. Each outcome was adjusted by a multiple logistic regression model, with significance for p-value <0.05, considering all potential confounding factors. Results Among women diagnosed with SPD, the odds ratio for vulvovaginitis was 3.45 times greater (OR = 3.45, p-value = 0.050) and 5.59 times higher for premature rupture of membranes (OR = 5.59; p-value = 0.017). For neonates, the chance of fetal growth restriction was 11.53 times higher for pregnant women with SPD (OR = 11.53, p = 0.041).

Early Childhood Junk Food Consumption, Severe Dental Caries, and Undernutrition: A Mixed-Methods Study from Mumbai, India

“…The medical system appeared oriented toward preventive care while the dental system was oriented toward urgent treatment for advanced disease. This need for greater public oral health resources and orientation toward preventive services has been identified in many LMICs [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Bacterial diversity and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the oral microbiome

“…Most pregnant women who enrolled in this study (78.57%) presented PD, and 50% had chronic periodontitis. The inflammatory process triggered by PD increases the risk of systemic alterations, which might complicate pregnancy [42].…”

Prevalence of and risk factors for periodontal disease among pregnant women in an antenatal care clinic in Khartoum, Sudan

“…During pregnancy, due to hormonal factors (high oestrogen and progesterone), women are more vulnerable to periodontal disease than their non-pregnant peers [5]. Pregnant women with periodontal disease are more susceptible to poor maternal and perinatal outcomes such as preeclampsia [6], gestational diabetes [7], vulvovaginitis, preterm labour, foetal growth restriction [8], low birth weight [9] and perinatal mortality [10].…”