Periodontal Disease in Chimpanzees

Arnold, Lee; Baram, Peter

doi:10.1902/jop.1973.44.7.437

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Listgarten [37] investigated the ultrastructural features of the junction between regenerated periodontal tissues and surgically exposed root surfaces in the rhesus. Specimens exam ined at intervals of [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] months showed attachment of the junctional epi thelium to dentin and cementum. Epithelial reattachment occurred on both intact and altered root surfaces.…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baboons (Papio anubis) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) develop under laboratory conditions periodontal disease which bears a strong clinical, radio graphic and histologic resemblance to that of man [1,2,47]. Additional characteristics which favor the use of these species as model systems in perio dontal research are a large oral cavity with easy access for surgical procedures and measurements of various oral indices, oral structures which closely com pare with the human equivalents in morphology and size, an inflammatory gingival infiltrate which is microscopically identical to that in man, an accu mulation of copious amounts of plaque and calculus and remission of the disease with removal of local irritants.…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Monkey Models in Dental Research

Dreizen¹,

Levy²

1977

J Med Primatol

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Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Monkey Models in Dental Research

Dreizen¹,

Levy²

1977

J Med Primatol

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“…Case reports described periodontal bone loss in zoo‐housed apes (Lowenstine et al, 2016), and generalized periodontal bone loss has been observed in wild‐living chimpanzees (Jones & Cave, 1960; Kilgore, 1989). As early as 1973, generalized periodontitis was reported in captive chimpanzees aged 39 and 44 years (Arnold & Baram, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodontitis emerges from the interplay between chronic local infection caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria and the organism's inflammatory response, culminating in the loss of periodontal bone (Hajishengallis & Chavakis, 2021). This condition is frequently observed in older individuals across humans (Peres et al, 2019), great apes (Arnold & Baram, 1973), and other primates (Gonzalez et al, 2016;Pandruvada et al, 2016;Phillips-Conroy et al, 1993).…”

Section: Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental findings in wild great apes from macerated skull analysis

Albrecht,

Behringer,

Zierau

et al. 2023

American J Primatol

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Oral health is a crucial aspect of overall well‐being in both humans and nonhuman primates. Understanding the oral pathologies and dental conditions in apes can provide valuable insights into their evolutionary history, dietary habits, and overall health. The present study evaluates dental findings in wild great apes from museum specimens to gain insights into the influence of natural nutrition on dental health. Complete macerated skulls of wild, adult great apes from the collection of the Museum of Natural History, Berlin, Germany, were examined. We analyzed skulls of 53 gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), 63 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and 41 orangutans (Pongo spp.). For each skull, we recorded wear of dental hard tissues (Lussi and Ganss index), carious lesions, and periodontal bone loss. Incisal and occlusal dental hard tissue defects were found in all skulls, as well as considerable external staining. In all species, incisors and canines showed the greatest loss of tissue, followed by molars. The wear of molars decreased from the first to the third molars, premolars showed the least pronounced defects. Some individuals had apical osteolytic defects along with severe dental hard tissue loss with pulp involvement or after dental trauma, respectively (n = 5). Our study did not observe any carious lesions among the examined great ape skulls. However, we did find evidence for localized or generalized periodontal bone loss in a subset of the specimens (n = 3 chimpanzees, n = 7 orangutans). The natural diet and foraging behavior of great apes induces abrasion and attrition of dental hard tissue but does not yield carious lesions. The occurrence of periodontitis in individual apes indicates that the natural circumstances can induce periodontal bone loss even in the wild, despite physiological nutrition.

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“…In reeent years there has been an increased Simpson & Avery 1974) and in dogs (Attinterest in the detailed nature of the tissue strom 1971, Hull, Soames & Davies 1974), changes seen in gingivitis and periodontitis In addition, experimental gingivitis stuof varying chronicity and severity. Studies dies, in which a baseline of clinical health of existing inflammation of indeterminate has been attempted by rigid or prolonged duration, have been reported in man (Freed-oral hygiene procedures, followed by withtnan, Listgarten & Taichmann 1968, Schroe-drawal of oral hygiene and sequential samder 1970 (Attstrom 1969, Zachrisson & Schultz-Haudt 1968), in 1971 , Lindhe, Hamp & Loe 1973a, Arnold & Baram 1973, Grant, Chase Listgarten & Ellegaard 1973, Schlossbeig & Ferrigno 1971, Zachrisson 1968).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell dynamics of experimental gingivitis in macaques

Johnson

Hopps

1975

J of Periodontal Research

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Counts were made of cells present within the inflammatory focus in gingival biopsies from adult macaque monkeys with gingivitis of varying chronicity and severity. Data (Set I) were derived from biopsies taken 3 to 85 days after withdrawal of oral hygiene: during this period the mean gingival index rose from 0.7 to 2.1 but corresponding trends in size and nature of cellular infiltrate were not apparent ‐ the lesions containing 25–40 % macrophages, 20–30 % fibroblasts, 3–30% polymorphonuclear leucocytes, 10 % endothelial cells, 4–9 % lymphocytes and 5–11 % plasma cells. Infiltrates from molar teeth, however, tended to be smaller, to contain relatively more macrophages and fewer lymphocytes and plasma cells than tissue from anterior teeth. These data were compared with those derived from the same animals 5 months later (Set II) and from animals several years older with more severe disease (Set III). With more extensive and more long standing inflammation there were significant increases in plasma cell and polymorphonuclear leucocyte density, and decreases in fibroblasts and macrophages; lymphocyte and endothelial cell densities were relatively stable. The findings are interpreted as a mixed immune inflammatory response in which delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms may initially play a part but in which, as disease progresses, the humoral arm of the immune response seems to he more extensively deployed.

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Periodontal Disease in Chimpanzees

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Monkey Models in Dental Research

Monkey Models in Dental Research

Dental findings in wild great apes from macerated skull analysis

Cell dynamics of experimental gingivitis in macaques

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