Periodontal disease exacerbates systemic ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice

Abstract

Periodontal pathogens and/or inflammatory products from periodontitis participate in the development or progression of systemic diseases. In this context, periodontitis acts as a modifying factor to systemic health, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Osteoporosis is an increasingly prevalent condition in our aging population and considered a risk factor for periodontal disease, but the effect of periodontitis on systemic bone homeostasis is unknown. We thus evaluated the effects of experimental periodontitis (EP) on systemic bone loss and the influence of estrogen deficiency in this context, using a mouse model of combined periodontitis and osteoporosis. Experimental periodontitis (EP) was induced by a ligature insertion around the mandibular first molars and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. Three-dimensional microcomputed tomographic analyses performed 48days following infection revealed that EP and ovariectomy (OVX) induced a significantly higher femoral and mandibular bone loss compared to EP or OVX alone. EP alone did not induce systemic bone loss. In addition, the EP+OVX and EP groups showed significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α than OVX and control groups at end point. These results suggest that periodontitis could be a risk factor for systemic bone loss, especially in post-menopausal women, and warrant further clinical investigations to confirm this association and propose adapted prophylactic and curative therapies.

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disuse osteoporosis

“…Although lots of models such as ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and disuse osteoporosis has been generated [13,39,40], disuse osteoporosis is selected in current study since the stimulus intensity and procedure of hindlimb suspension can be easy operated and quantified analysis for the development of osteoporosis. The tail-suspended animal model has been widely accepted as an effective disuse osteoporosis model for simulating bone loss [15,22,41].…”

Beneficial Effects and Toxicity Studies of Xian-ling-gu-bao on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats

“…One such disease is osteoporosis. The number of osteoporosis cases in the world is growing rapidly and continues to have an impact on the healthcare system (Anbinder et al, 2016). Since osteoporosis is a chronic disease, TCM can have certain advantages because patients experience fewer side effects and, thus, it is suitable for long-term use (Feize et al, 2016).…”

“…The supernatant was collected and stored at -80°C until biochemical analyses were performed (Huang et al, 2013). The tissues from the femur samples were removed by gauze and stored with 4% neutral formaldehyde solution for micro-CT scanning before the immunohistochemical and western blot analyses (Anbinder et al, 2016). The organs were obtained after perfusing with normal saline (NS) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for histological examination (Yan and Ye, 2015).…”

Osteoporosis and Periodontitis

“…A large prospective cohort study by Persson et al [45] reported that osteoporotic patients with periodontitis have a higher risk for hip/hand fracture. More recently, experimental periodontitis aggravated systemic ovariectomy -induced bone loss [46••]. Although indirect evidence continues to accumulate, prospective and interventional clinical studies are needed to clearly establish the relationship to serve as an evidence base for future clinical management.…”