Periodontal Disease and Its Association with Systemic Disease

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are oral disorders characterized by inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Usually, periodontitis is a progressively destructive loss of bone and periodontal ligament (loss of the attachment apparatus of the teeth). Periodontitis has documented risk factors, including but not limited to specific plaque bacteria, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Initially, the link between systemic disease and periodontal diseases was thought to be unidirectional. Currently, there is increasing evidence that the relationship between these entities may be bidirectional. Recent case-control and cross-sectional studies indicate that periodontitis may confer a 7-fold increase in risk for preterm low birth weight infants and a 2-fold increase in risk for cardiovascular disease. These early reports indicate the potential association between systemic and oral health. Additionally, these studies support the central hypothesis that periodontal disease involves both a local and a systemic host inflammatory response. This knowledge of disease interrelationships may prove vital in intervention strategies to reduce patient risks and prevent systemic disease outcomes. Based on the current evidence of the periodontal-systemic disease connection, the purpose of this report is to help establish the groundwork for closer communication between physicians and periodontists in the military health care setting.

The Bedside Oral Exam and the Barrow Oral Care Protocol: Translating evidence-based oral care into practice

“…If left untreated, these areas may serve as a portal for infection and further result in subgingival inflammation and destruction of the bone (periodontitis) (Labeau and Blot, 2011). Periodontitis has been implicated as a contributing factor in the worsening of a number of systemic diseases, including (but not limited to) cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia and premature babies with low birthweight (Fowler et al, 2001;Labeau and Blot, 2011;Li et al, 2000).…”

Periodontal and systemic health conditions of the patients treated in the student clinic of department of periodontology betweeen the years 2012-2014

“…Yaklaşık olarak son yirmi yıllık dönemde farklı kronik sistemik hastalıklar ve durumlar ile periodontal hastalık arasın-daki potansiyel ilişkiye yönelik yoğun bir ilgi olmuştur. 31 Periodontitisin diğer hastalıklar için bir risk faktörü olabileceği, hastalıkların gelişimini ve prognozunu etkileyebileceği ileri sürülmüştür. 32,33 Diabetes mellitus ve periodontitis arasında karşılıklı çift yönlü etkileşim vardır.…”

Effects of Phase I Periodontal Therapy on the Quality of Life in COPD Patients

“…Periodontal disease has been linked to an increased risk of various systemic diseases, including the respiratory diseases e.g.pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Fowler et al, 2001) 3 . COPD is a generic term defined by the presence of airflow obstruction with excess production of sputum resulting from chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.…”