Periodontal complication during orthodontic therapy

Processos proliferativos gengivais não neoplásicos em paciente sob tratamento ortodôntico

“…1,4,6,9 The physical set-up (brackets and bands that could invade the periodontium's biological space) and mechanical set-up (forces delivered by orthodontic and / or orthopedic movement), associated with biofilm, were reported as hypotheses to explain the etiopathogenesis of gingival hyperplasia. 1,9 And so was trauma during placement of the orthodontic appliance, which causes pressure areas that result in epithelium thickening, connective tissue proliferation and an increased amount of tissue. The possible allergic process triggered by the acrylic resin monomer placed on the base of the removable orthodontic appliances, when associated with the presence of fungi (Candida albicans) may also cause a slight increase in plaque and gingival indices.…”

“…The possibility of an unusual host response against the local irritant (biofilm), exacerbated by the patients' hormonal changes (puberty and menstruation) was also reported. 1 Local irritants such as excessive restorations and neonatal teeth combined with poor oral hygiene, plaque and dental calculus were also considered in the etiopathogenesis. 2,3,6,7,11,12,17,18,19 Hormonal changes such as menarche, use of oral contraceptives and pregnancy were also reported.…”

“…The lamina propria is made up of dense, well cellularized and collagenized connective tissue permeated by an intense mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, 1 as shown in Figure 4. Regarded as an inflammatory reaction process with exuberant proliferation of fibrovascular tissue, the histopathological pattern of pyogenic granuloma is composed of ulcerated stratified squamous epithelium similar to granulation tissue with numerous capillaries, lined by endotheliocytes.…”

“…7,8 treatment Surgical excision has usually been the treatment of choice for both lesions. [1][2][3]12,[16][17][18][19] . However, some changes have been suggested, such as curettage, 1,2,7 gingivectomy or gingivoplasty techniques.…”

“…1,5,15 Pyogenic granuloma and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia are tissue growths of inflammatory origin with varying degrees of granular and fibrous inflammatory tissues, possibly caused by low intensity chronic irritation. 2,9,11,12 Both occur frequently in clinical dentistry and are clinically characterized by exophytic, sessile or pedunculated tissue growths, of pale pink to erythematous color, which may manifest ulceration and spontaneous bleeding.…”