Periodized resistance training with and without supplementation improve body composition and performance in older men

Villanueva, Matthew; He, Jun; Schroeder, E. Todd

doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2821-1

Cited by 39 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Of the 17 RCTs, 5 (19-21, 31, 32) had participants with a mean BMI .30.0, whereas the others had participants with a mean BMI of 25.0-29.9. Moreover, among the 17 RCTs, 8 had a sex-specific design for male participants (18,20,25,30,31,33,34,37), with an overall BMI Values are presented as means 6 SDs. 4 Value was estimated or calculated using statistical formulas with the data reported by the authors.…”

Section: Assessment Of Bias Risks and Methodologic Quality Of Includementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 14 RCTs, participants in the control groups received a placebo supplement and maintained their habitual diet (13,18,20,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), whereas the control groups in the other 3 trials were given RET only and no placebo supplement (19,22,37).…”

Section: Ps Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six RCTs used a long intervention period of $24 wk, totaling 48-72 sessions (13,19,22,(24)(25)(26); 8 used a medium intervention period of $12 wk but ,24 wk, totaling 24-48 sessions (18,20,21,27,31,33,34,37); and 3 used a short intervention period of ,12 wk, totaling 12-56 sessions (29,30,32). Most of the included RCTs used a training intensity of 50-80% of participants' one repetition maximum (1-RM) (13, 18, 25-27, 30-34, 37).…”

Section: Ret Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of PS combined with RET on the muscle strength of older people were determined by observing the measured upper body strength (including bench press 1-RM) in 6 RCTs (18,24,(30)(31)(32)37), handgrip strength in 6 RCTs (13,19,21,22,24,29), leg strength (including leg press 1-RM) in 11 RCTs (13, 20, 24-27, 30-32, 34, 37), isometric knee extensor strength in 1 RCT (33), and isokinetic knee strength (including quadriceps or hamstring isokinetic peak torque relative to body mass) in 2 RCTs (22, 24) (Supplemental Table 1). …”

Section: Effects On Muscle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mobility tests were used to assess the treatment effects of PS on physical function: the gait speed test in 5 RCTs (13,18,21,22,29), 6-min or 400-m walk test in 5 (21,22,26,27,37), timed up-and-go test in 3 (18,24,27), chair rise time (seconds) test in 7 (13,18,21,22,25,26,29), short physical performance battery test in 2 (13,26), stair climbing test in 1 (26), physical activity test in 1 (18,22), and functional reach test in 1 (Supplemental Table 1) (22). For the meta-analysis, all data derived from the walk tests were transformed into gait speed (meters per second), and all data obtained from the chair rise tests were transformed into the time required to perform 5 repetitions (seconds).…”

Section: Effects On Physical Mobility Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liao

Tsauo

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

229

196

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Background: Overweight and obese older people face a high risk of muscle loss and impaired physical function, which may contribute to sarcopenic obesity. Resistance exercise training (RET) has a beneficial effect on muscle protein synthesis and can be augmented by protein supplementation (PS). However, whether body weight affects the augmentation of muscular and functional performance in response to PS in older people undergoing RET remains unclear. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the effects of PS on the body composition and physical function of older people undergoing RET. Design: We performed a comprehensive search of online databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy of PS for lean mass gain, strength gain, and physical mobility improvements in older people undergoing RET. Results: We included 17 RCTs; the overall mean 6 SD age and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) in these RCTs were 73.4 6 8.1 y and 29.7 6 5.5, respectively. The participants had substantially greater lean mass and leg strength gains when PS and RET were used than with RET alone, with the standard mean differences (SMDs) being 0.58 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.84) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.98), respectively. The subgroup of studies with a mean BMI $30 exhibited substantially greater lean mass (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.87) and leg strength (SMD: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.34) gains in response to PS. The subgroup of studies with a mean BMI ,30 also exhibited relevant gains in response to PS. Conclusions: Compared with RET alone, PS combined with RET may have a stronger effect in preventing aging-related muscle mass attenuation and leg strength loss in older people, which was found in studies with a mean BMI $30 and in studies with a mean BMI ,30. Clinicians could use nutrition supplement and exercise strategies, especially PS plus RET, to effectively improve the physical activity and health status of all older patients.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:1078-91.

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Section: Assessment Of Bias Risks and Methodologic Quality Of Includementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ps Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ret Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Muscle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Physical Mobility Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liao

Tsauo

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

229

196

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Effective Nutritional Supplement Combinations

Cooke¹,

Cribb²

2015

Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise

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Few supplement combinations that are marketed to athletes are supported by scientifi c evidence of their effectiveness. Under the rigor of scientifi c investigation, we often see that the patented combination fails to provide any greater benefi t when compared to an active (generic) ingredient. The focus of this chapter is supplement combinations and dosing strategies that are effective at promoting an acute physiological response that may improve/enhance exercise performance and/or infl uence chronic adaptations desired from training. In recent years, there has been a particular focus on two nutrition ergogenic aids-creatine monohydrate and protein/ amino acids-in combination with specifi c nutrients in an effort to augment or add to their already established independent ergogenic effects. These combinations and others are discussed in this chapter.

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Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: systematic review

et al. 2017

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SummaryThis systematic review summarizes the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention on muscle mass and muscle function. A total of 37 RCTs were identified. Results indicate that physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in subjects aged 65 years and older. However, any interactive effect of dietary supplementation appears to be limited.IntroductionIn 2013, Denison et al. conducted a systematic review including 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore the effect of combined exercise and nutrition intervention to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance in older people. They concluded that further studies were needed to provide evidence upon which public health and clinical recommendations could be based. The purpose of the present work was to update the prior systematic review and include studies published up to October 2015.MethodsUsing the electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE, we identified RCTs which assessed the combined effect of exercise training and nutritional supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass, or physical performance in subjects aged 60 years and over. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers.ResultsThe search strategy identified 21 additional RCTs giving a total of 37 RCTs. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of protocols for physical exercise and dietary supplementation (proteins, essential amino acids, creatine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbuthyrate, vitamin D, multi-nutrients, or other). In 79% of the studies (27/34 RCTs), muscle mass increased with exercise but an additional effect of nutrition was only found in 8 RCTs (23.5%). Muscle strength increased in 82.8% of the studies (29/35 RCTs) following exercise intervention, and dietary supplementation showed additional benefits in only a small number of studies (8/35 RCTS, 22.8%). Finally, the majority of studies showed an increase of physical performance following exercise intervention (26/28 RCTs, 92.8%) but interaction with nutrition supplementation was only found in 14.3% of these studies (4/28 RCTs).ConclusionPhysical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in healthy subjects aged 60 years and older. The biggest effect of exercise intervention, of any type, has been seen on physical performance (gait speed, chair rising test, balance, SPPB test, etc.). We observed huge variations in regard to the dietary supplementation protocols. Based on the included studies, mainly performed on well-nourished subjects, the interactive effect of dietary supplementation on muscle function appears limited.

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Periodized resistance training with and without supplementation improve body composition and performance in older men

Abstract: Creatine and whey protein supplementation may not provide additional benefits in older adults performing periodized RT to augment muscular and functional performance.

Cited by 39 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effective Nutritional Supplement Combinations

Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: systematic review

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