Periodization Strategies in Older Adults

Conlon, Jenny A.; Newton, Robert U.; Tufano, James J.; Banyard, Harry G.; Hopper, Amanda J.; Ridge, Ashley J.; Haff, G. Gregory

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001053

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, many of these recommended RT practices have in fact been heavily questioned. Periodisation is lacking in evidence for its efficacy [84, 85], multi-jont exercises appear to offer similar benefits as single joint-exercises for most muscle groups [86], and assuming effort is sufficiently high single-set protocols offer largely similar benefits to multiple-set protocols [38, 39]. Indeed a number of studies provide examples of where a relatively low to moderate dose of RT has been effective for a range of health outcomes for both young and old populations (e.g.…”

Section: Resistance Training For Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A higher effort-based paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health: making the case for a greater emphasis on resistance training

et al. 2017

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It is well known that physical activity and exercise is associated with a lower risk of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. Further, it appears that risk reductions are greater when physical activity and/or exercise is performed at a higher intensity of effort. Why this may be the case is perhaps explained by the accumulating evidence linking physical fitness and performance outcomes (e.g. cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and muscle mass) also to morbidity and mortality risk. Current guidelines about the performance of moderate/vigorous physical activity using aerobic exercise modes focuses upon the accumulation of a minimum volume of physical activity and/or exercise, and have thus far produced disappointing outcomes. As such there has been increased interest in the use of higher effort physical activity and exercise as being potentially more efficacious. Though there is currently debate as to the effectiveness of public health prescription based around higher effort physical activity and exercise, most discussion around this has focused upon modes considered to be traditionally ‘aerobic’ (e.g. running, cycling, rowing, swimming etc.). A mode customarily performed to a relatively high intensity of effort that we believe has been overlooked is resistance training. Current guidelines do include recommendations to engage in ‘muscle strengthening activities’ though there has been very little emphasis upon these modes in either research or public health effort. As such the purpose of this debate article is to discuss the emerging higher effort paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health and to make a case for why there should be a greater emphasis placed upon resistance training as a mode in this paradigm shift.

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Section: Resistance Training For Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A higher effort-based paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health: making the case for a greater emphasis on resistance training

et al. 2017

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“…However, the rate of torque development during isometric contraction increased only after plyometric exercise (+ 29% [+ 0.42 Nm ms −1 ], ES 0.55) [ 67 ]. Therefore, according to the studies included in this review, it is likely that plyometric training directly or indirectly increases muscular strength in older adults, but probably not to the same magnitude as resistance training [ 70 , 71 ]. Additionally, limited evidence [ 67 ] suggests that plyometric exercises are superior to eccentric training in improving explosive muscle strength, which is a key deficiency of aging muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy and Safety of Lower-Limb Plyometric Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe aging process is associated with a progressive decline of neuromuscular function, increased risk of falls and fractures, impaired functional performance, and loss of independence. Plyometric training may mitigate or even reverse such age-related deterioration; however, little research on the effects of plyometric exercises has been performed in older adults.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of plyometric training in older adults.MethodsPapers reporting on randomized trials of plyometric training in older adults (≥ 60 years) and published up to December 2017 were sought in the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and EMBASE databases, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A narrative synthesis of the findings is presented in this systematic review.ResultsOf the 2236 identified papers, 18 were included in the review, reporting on 12 different studies with a mean PEDro score of 6.0 (range 4–7). Altogether, 289 subjects (176 females and 113 males) were included in 15 intervention groups with plyometric components (n = 8–36 per group); their mean age ranged from 58.4 to 79.4 years. The plyometric training lasted from 4 weeks to 12 months. Muscular strength, bone health, body composition, postural stability, and jump and physical performance were the most often reported outcomes. No study reported increased occurrence of injuries or other adverse events related to plyometric exercises.ConclusionPlyometric training is a feasible and safe training option with potential for improving various performance, functional, and health-related outcomes in older persons.

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“…Periodization can be defined as the planned distribution of training to increase the potential for achieving optimal sports performance at a predetermined time point [194][195]. Block periodisation has been shown to effectively improve strength and power in athletes and is based on several distinct training mesocycles;…”

Section: Periodization In Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoregulation in Resistance Training for Lower Limb Tendinopathy: A Potential Method for Addressing Individual Factors, Intervention Issues and Inadequate Outcomes

Burton¹

2020

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Musculoskeletal disorders such as tendinopathy are having an increasing burden on society and health systems. Tendinopathy is responsible for up to 30% of musculoskeletal disorders, having a high incidence in athletes and the general population. Although resistance training has shown short-term effectiveness for treating lower limb tendinopathy, more comprehensive exercise protocols and progression methods are required due to poor long-term outcomes. The most common resistance training protocols are pre-determined and standardised, which presents significant limitations. Current standardized protocols do not adhere to scientific resistance training principles and do not consider individual factors or take the importance of individualised training into account. Resistance training programs in tendinopathy are currently not achieving required intensity and dosage, leading to high recurrence rates. Therefore, better methods for individualising and progressing resistance training are required to improve outcomes. One potential method is autoregulation, which allows individuals to progress training at their own rate, taking individual factors into account. Despite being found effective for increasing strength in healthy athletes, autoregulation methods have not been investigated in tendinopathy. The purpose of this article was threefold: first to give an overview of individual factors in tendinopathy and current resistance training protocols in tendinopathy and their limitations. Secondly, to give an overview of the history, methods and application of autoregulation strategies both in sports performance and physiotherapy. Finally, a theoretical adaptation of a tendinopathy resistance training protocol with autoregulation methods is presented, providing an example of how the method could be implemented in clinical practice or future research.

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Periodization Strategies in Older Adults

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

A higher effort-based paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health: making the case for a greater emphasis on resistance training

A higher effort-based paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health: making the case for a greater emphasis on resistance training

The Efficacy and Safety of Lower-Limb Plyometric Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Autoregulation in Resistance Training for Lower Limb Tendinopathy: A Potential Method for Addressing Individual Factors, Intervention Issues and Inadequate Outcomes

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