Periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis in Longterm Infections

Evans, Christopher; Burkman, Erica; Dzimianski, Michael T.; Moorhead, Andrew R.; Savadelis, Molly D.; Angenendt, Carsten; Zymny, Sven; Kulke, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5493-z

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…immitis microfilariae and larval stage 3 (L3) worms were assayed in the laboratories of Bayer Animal Health GmbH (Monheim, Germany). For microfilariae immobility assays, approximately 250 freshly purified microfilariae were cultured in single wells of a 96-well microtiter plate containing supplemented RPMI 1640 medium 68 , 69 . Compounds were added in the following concentrations: 50 µM, 10 µM, 2 µM, 0.4 µM, 0.08 µM, 0.016 µM and 0.0032 µM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nemacol is a small molecule inhibitor of C. elegans vesicular acetylcholine transporter with anthelmintic potential

et al. 2023

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Nematode parasites of humans and livestock pose a significant burden to human health, economic development, and food security. Anthelmintic drug resistance is widespread among parasites of livestock and many nematode parasites of humans lack effective treatments. Here, we present a nitrophenyl-piperazine scaffold that induces motor defects rapidly in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We call this scaffold Nemacol and show that it inhibits the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a target recognized by commercial animal and crop health groups as a viable anthelmintic target. We demonstrate that it is possible to create Nemacol analogs that maintain potent in vivo activity whilst lowering their affinity to the mammalian VAChT 10-fold. We also show that Nemacol enhances the ability of the anthelmintic Ivermectin to paralyze C. elegans and the ruminant nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. Hence, Nemacol represents a promising new anthelmintic scaffold that acts through a validated anthelmintic target.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in detail in refs. 68 , 69 , the DiroImager is an automated high-throughput platform that allows for high-resolution optical imaging of an entire 96-well microtiter plate. Data are reported as the EC50 (µM) calculated from the tested concentration series.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nemacol is a small molecule inhibitor of C. elegans vesicular acetylcholine transporter with anthelmintic potential

et al. 2023

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“…Одним из таких зоонозов является дирофиляриоз. Сообщается о случаях инвазии у собак во многих странах мира, в том числе в Соединённых Штатах Америки [1], Португалии [2], Сербии [3], Германии [4], Италии и других странах [5].…”

Section: обоснованиеunclassified

Epidemiological Risk of Dirofilariasis in the Voronezh Region

Беспалова¹,

Золотых²

2021

Acta biomedica scientifica

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Background. Dirofilariasis is a vector-borne helminthiasis that tends to expand spatial boundaries in areas with temperate and cold climates. In the Voronezh oblast, located in the Central Black Earth Region of the Russian Federation there were previously isolated reports of cases of dirofilariasis in humans and dogs, but this issue was not specifically studied.Aims. To determine the degree of infection of dogs with Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in the Voronezh oblast in order to determine the level of epidemiological risk.Materials and methods. For seven years, targeted work was carried out to study the spread of different types of dirofilariae in dogs in the Voronezh region. Blood from 3 498 dogs of different breeds, ages, conditions of keeping and household use was examined. Dirofilaria larvae were counted using the Fuchs-Rosenthal camera. The type of dirofilaria larvae isolated from the blood of dogs was determined by the histochemical method. The antigen of the imaginal form of D. immitis was detected using a chromatographic test system the ImmunoRun Antigen Detection Kit Caninae Heartworm Biogal chromatographic test system (Israel). Statistical processing of the material was carried out in the Microsoft Excel 2010 program. Studies were carried out with the consent of animal owners and in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebral Animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes (Strasbourg, 1986).Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that in the Voronezh oblast, the average infection of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) with dirofilariasis is 14.14 ± 0.31 %. The indicator depends on the conditions of keeping animals and makes 27.15 % in stray dogs, 25.26 % – in service dogs and 10.54 % – in apartment dogs. In service dogs, the species D. repens occurs in 52.39 % of cases, D. immitis – in 42.95 %, mixtinvasia – in 4.80 % of cases. In stray dogs, the species D. repens prevails (80.10 %). The second type of D. immitis was established in 10.0 % of cases. At the same time, both types were also established in 10.0 % of cases. The maximum number of cases of dirofilariasis occurs in urban dogs (65.87 %), which is due to the high density of their population and close contact with the vector of transmission in urbanized areas. The seasonal dynamics of infestation is determined by the year-round detection of cases with a peak in October (46.77 %). The number of cases of dirofilariasis increases with age, in dogs from one to six years old it reaches maximum of 63.26 %. There is an epidemiological risk of dirofilariasis in the Voronezh oblast. This is due to the existence and active functioning of synanthropic and natural foci of invasion on the territory of the Voronezh oblast.

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“…No examination or treatment is performed in regard to unsupervised animals. Service dogs, on the other hand, undergo annual scheduled diagnostic testing, prevention and treatment of dirofilariasis [17]. German Shepherds, East-European Shepherds, Caucasian Shepherds, Central Asian Shepherds, Doberman Pinchers, Giant Schnauzers and Boxers are breeds that are most susceptible to dirofilariasis infection [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preventive treatments are performed by animal owners sporadically, since para. 9.4. of Sanitary and epidemiological regulations and norms 3.2.3215-14 specifies the need to examine and anthelminthic treatment domestic animals without listing specific drugs and frequency of their use [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Morphology in Dogs with Dirofilariasis

et al. 2020

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The article addresses the results of a study of blood morphology parameters in healthy dogs vs. dogs diagnosed with dirofilariasis. In the group of infected animals, the most significant difference was 4.9 higher granulocytes. Another significant contribution is eosinophils and, to a lesser extent, neutrophils and monocytes. In blood of infected and healthy animals, no difference was found in terms of the count of red blood cells, haemoglobin, and haematocrit. Anisocytosis value in red blood cells is probably related to the compensated processes, and differs insignificantly between healthy and infected animal groups. Blood morphology of infected animals is characterized by mild reticulocytosis, not exceeding 20% of physiological norm. In the group of infected dogs, platelet count corresponds to the lower boundary of physiological norm. In healthy animals’ group, platelets and platelet crit is physiologically normal. Leukopenia, lymphocytopenia are detected. Apparently, the reason behind the findings is age of the animals and degree of their adaptation to the progress of the invasive process.

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Periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis in Longterm Infections

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Nemacol is a small molecule inhibitor of C. elegans vesicular acetylcholine transporter with anthelmintic potential

Nemacol is a small molecule inhibitor of C. elegans vesicular acetylcholine transporter with anthelmintic potential

Epidemiological Risk of Dirofilariasis in the Voronezh Region

Blood Morphology in Dogs with Dirofilariasis

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