Periodically structured metallic substrates for SERS

Kahl, Michael D.; Voges, E.; Kostrewa, Stefan; Viets, Carmen; Hill, Wieland

doi:10.1016/s0925-4005(98)00219-6

Cited by 290 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These benefit from multiple hot spots being generated in a uniform fashion over a larger substrate area generating high signal enhancement 22 throughout the entire substrate. Various methods exist to fabricate such structures including lithographic 18,23,24 and chemical approaches 19 . Metallic structures can also be fabricated from self assembled non-metallic scaffolds 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays for multiphase trace analyte detection

et al. 2012

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Nanoplasmonic structures designed for trace analyte detection by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy typically require sophisticated nanofabrication techniques. An alternative to fabricating such arrays is to rely on self-assembly of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid or liquid-air interfaces into close-packed arrays.The density of the arrays can be fine tuned by modifying the nanoparticle functionality, pH of the solution, and salt concentration. Importantly, these arrays are robust, "self-healing", reproducible, and extremely easy to handle. Herein, we report on the use of such platforms made of Au nanoparticles for detection of (multi)analytes from the aqueous, organic, or air phases. The total interfacial area of the Au array, at the liquid-liquid interface, is approximately 25 mm 2 , making this platform ideal for small volume samples, low concentrations, and trace analytes. Importantly, the ease of assembly and rapid 2 detection makes this platform ideal for in-field sample testing of toxins such as explosives, drugs, or other hazardous chemicals.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays for multiphase trace analyte detection

et al. 2012

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“…Analytical solutions for the fields are known only for particles with a very simple shape, like that of a sphere or an ellipsoid, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or spherical shells and periodic cylinder gratings. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] While electrostatic methods can provide some level of insight, 45 complete electromagnetic solvers are needed to obtain accurate results. Many groups have developed methods of solving Maxwell's equations to investigate nonregular plasmon resonant particles in the 100-200 nm size range; [46][47][48] however, although particles of this size provide large SCS's at the plasmon resonance, the resonances are very broad and the field enhancement in the vicinity of the particles is relatively small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section

et al. 2001

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We investigate numerically the spectrum of plasmon resonances for metallic nanowires with a nonregular cross section, in the 20-50 nm range. We first consider the resonance spectra corresponding to nanowires whose cross sections form different simplexes. The number of resonances strongly increases when the section symmetry decreases: A cylindrical wire exhibits one resonance, whereas we observe more than five distinct resonances for a triangular particle. The spectral range covered by these different resonances becomes very large, giving to the particle-specific distinct colors. At the resonance, dramatic field enhancement is observed at the vicinity of nonregular particles, where the field amplitude can reach several hundred times that of the illumination field. This near-field enhancement corresponds to surface-enhanced Raman scattering ͑SERS͒ enhancement locally in excess of 10 12 . The distance dependence of this enhancement is investigated and we show that it depends on the plasmon resonance excited in the particle, i.e., on the illumination wavelength. The average Raman enhancement for molecules distributed on the entire particle surface is also computed and discussed in the context of experiments in which large numbers of molecules are used.

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“…For instance, while photolithography [ 6 ] is a fl exible method for generating optical patterns, it is limited by the optical diffraction limit and is essentially 2D, meaning that many steps must be iterated to create a 3D structure. Electron beam lithography is an alternative approach that uses a scanning beam of electrons [ 7 ] to write sub-micrometer structures into a resist that can subsequently be transferred to the substrate material, often by etching. The preparation of such patterns not only requires sequential writing steps, but is also vulnerable to beam drift or instability which may occur during the long exposure times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Electrohydrodynamic Structures for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

2012

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Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a well‐established spectroscopic technique that requires nanoscale metal structures to achieve high signal sensitivity. While most SERS substrates are manufactured by conventional lithographic methods, the development of a cost‐effective approach to create nanostructured surfaces is a much sought‐after goal in the SERS community. Here, a method is established to create controlled, self‐organized, hierarchical nanostructures using electrohydrodynamic (HEHD) instabilities. The created structures are readily fine‐tuned, which is an important requirement for optimizing SERS to obtain the highest enhancements. HEHD pattern formation enables the fabrication of multiscale 3D structured arrays as SERS‐active platforms. Importantly, each of the HEHD‐patterned individual structural units yield a considerable SERS enhancement. This enables each single unit to function as an isolated sensor. Each of the formed structures can be effectively tuned and tailored to provide high SERS enhancement, while arising from different HEHD morphologies. The HEHD fabrication of sub‐micrometer architectures is straightforward and robust, providing an elegant route for high‐throughput biological and chemical sensing.

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Periodically structured metallic substrates for SERS

Cited by 290 publications

References 23 publications

Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays for multiphase trace analyte detection

Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays for multiphase trace analyte detection

Plasmon resonances of silver nanowires with a nonregular cross section

Hierarchical Electrohydrodynamic Structures for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

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