Periodic motility of normal and spinal chick embryos between 8 and 17 days of incubation

Hamburger, Viktor; Balaban, Martin; Oppenheim, Ronald W.; Wenger, Eleanor

doi:10.1002/jez.1401590102

Cited by 181 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our data have also demonstrated that the embryo motility increases in the period from D10 to D14 as a result of both a decrease in the duration of the IPh and an increase in the duration of the APh. An increase in embryonic motor activity at about the same embryogenetic stage was also previously reported by other authors [13,18,19]. The absolute IPh and APh values determined in our study were close to the literature data for the corresponding period of Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This is confirmed by data on a cyclic pattern of embryonic motor activity earlier found by other researchers [12,13,19,38,39]. Our data have also demonstrated that the embryo motility increases in the period from D10 to D14 as a result of both a decrease in the duration of the IPh and an increase in the duration of the APh.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the chicken, embryonic motor activity has been extensively studied [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. It appears on incubation days 3-3.5, increases during development, and eventually transforms into targeted hatching behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Acute Hypoxia on the Motor Activity and Heart Rate of the 10- and 14-Day Chick Embryo

Nechaeva¹,

Vladimirova²,

Alexeeva³

2010

TOOENIJ

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Embryonic motility is an important component of development and may be a precursor of posthatching motor behavior. In chickens, it accompanies almost the entire embryogenesis and depends on environmental conditions, whose effects on embryonic motility have been poorly studied. The effect of acute hypoxia (10% O 2 for 10 min) on the temporal parameters of chick embryo motility on incubation days 10 (D10) and 14 (D14) was estimated; the results were compared with data on the heart rate (HR). A force transducer connected with an embryo limb was used to record embryonic movements simultaneously with HR video recording. In the control, the duration of the activity phase (APh) and HR increased, while the inactivity phase (IPh) decreased in the period from D10 to D14. In response to hypoxia, the APh did not change significantly on either day, but the IPh significantly increased on D14 and tended to increase on D10. A distinct pattern of the motor activity response to hypoxia was observed on D14: the IPh increased after 0.5-2.5 min of hypoxia, peaked at a value 6 times as large as the control one, and then partly recovered. Under hypoxia, the mean HR significantly decreased to 87% of the control value and then partly recovered, increasing to 93% on both days studied. The similarity of the hypoxic patterns of IPh and HR on D14 suggests that the hypoxic recovery of HR contributes to the recovery of the embryo motility under hypoxia in late embryos.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effect of Acute Hypoxia on the Motor Activity and Heart Rate of the 10- and 14-Day Chick Embryo

Nechaeva¹,

Vladimirova²,

Alexeeva³

2010

TOOENIJ

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“…Throughout the period of muscle cell death described in this report, the embryo displays periodic neurogenic extensions of the neck (Hamburger and Balaban, 1963;Hamburger et al, 1965), although the specific contribution of the biventer to this behavior have not been defined. The extent to which primary myofibers are dependent on innervation is controversial.…”

Section: Functional Significancementioning

confidence: 93%

Muscle cell death during the development of head and neck muscles in the chick embryo

McClearn

Medville

Noden

1995

Developmental Dynamics

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Degenerating myofibers have been reported in the embryos and neonates of a number of birds and mammals, but neither the pervasiveness of the phenomenon nor the spatiotemporal patterns of degeneration has been examined in detail. Using transmission electron microscopy, we determined the patterns of muscle cell death in the chick biventer cervicis, a head extensor muscle. Cell death is most pronounced at incubation days 10 through 15, and occurs throughout the muscle. This is the period during which many myofiber clusters segregate into individual fibers, each with a separate basal lamina, and secondary myofibers become demarcated. Cells of largest diameter, presumably the primary myofibers, are preferentially affected. Degenerating cells exhibit a cohort of cytological features consistent with apoptosis, including the presence of dense, darkly-staining, hypercontracted myofibrils, misshapen nuclei with irregular chromatin condensations along the nuclear envelope, and scores of cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. In cross section some large diameter muscle cells are characterized by sparse, flocculent cytoplasm that is devoid of myofibrils and organelles. Some show disintegrating cell membranes. In longitudinal section 200-300 pm long regions of hypercontracted myofibrils alternate with areas devoid of fibrils; this arrangement suggests that the myofibrils break into segments that are in register along one part of a muscle fiber and entirely absent from the adjacent length of fiber. We have observed similar patterns of muscle cell degeneration in the complexus, splenius cervicis, depressor mandibulae, and branchiomandibularis muscles. By day 18 of incubation most signs of degeneration are absent and by hatching (day 21) the muscle fibers all appear healthy. Many of these cytological changes in embryonic head muscle cells are characteristic of programmed cell death. We hypothesize that large-scale death of myocytes is a normal part of avian myogenesis and an important mechanism for affecting the transformation from embryonic to hatching muscle patterning. o 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Apparently, some additional factors hindered the rapid restoration of motility. For example, it was previously shown that the structure of the APh changes with age and it is determined by the activity not only of spinal neurons, but also the brain, muscles, and proprioceptors [10,16]. The considerably greater decrease in the APh duration during hypoxia on D15 compared to earlier ages was probably accounted for by switching off of these additional components, which might have been restored under hypoxia more slowly than the activity of spinal motor networks.…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Hypoxia On the Cyclic Motility Of D10-15 Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related Changes in the Response of Embryonic Motility to Acute Hypoxia During the Third Quarter of Chick Embryogenesis

Nechaeva¹,

Алексеева²

2017

TOOENIJ

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Environmental factors may affect the growth, size, phenotype, behavior, and other characteristics of avian embryos at different developmental stages; however, the roles of individual embryonic physiological systems in these effects remain largely unclear. Embryonic motility is an important component of the prenatal development observed almost throughout embryogenesis and may be a precursor of post-hatching motor behavior. The influences of the environment on the development of motor behavior during embryogenesis (notably the embryonic motility affected by hypoxia) remain poorly studied. Consequently, using the chick embryo, we investigated the effect of acute hypoxia (10% or 5% О 2 for 20 or 40 min) on embryonic cyclic motility at incubation days (D) 10, 12, 14, and 15 using in vivo video recording. Hypoxia inhibited motility; specifically, the average duration of activity and inactivity phases during hypoxic exposure were shortened and prolonged, respectively. Age-related changes in the responses to 10% and 5% O 2 differed. The time course of the motility response to acute hypoxia varied during the D10-15 period and demonstrates that the embryo was capable of recovering motility under hypoxia. The recovery was likely enhanced with age due to maturation of regulatory capacity.

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Periodic motility of normal and spinal chick embryos between 8 and 17 days of incubation

Cited by 181 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Acute Hypoxia on the Motor Activity and Heart Rate of the 10- and 14-Day Chick Embryo

Effect of Acute Hypoxia on the Motor Activity and Heart Rate of the 10- and 14-Day Chick Embryo

Muscle cell death during the development of head and neck muscles in the chick embryo

Age-related Changes in the Response of Embryonic Motility to Acute Hypoxia During the Third Quarter of Chick Embryogenesis

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