Periodic Lateral Root Priming: What Makes It Tick?

Laskowski, Marta; Tusscher, Kirsten H. ten

doi:10.1105/tpc.16.00638

Cited by 60 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Thus, additional processes are required for the formation of stable prebranch sites with persistent high auxin signalling levels. We recently argued for the importance of distinguishing priming signal versus memory formation [Laskowski and ten Tusscher, 2017]. Based on our current results we suggest that the here described reflux and growth dynamics dependent auxin elevations constitute the priming signal, and that subsequent gene expression dynamics are critical for the memory formation that enables cells to maintain a high auxin response.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

2018

Preprint

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The root system is a major determinant of plant fitness. Its capacity to supply the plant with sufficient water and nutrients strongly depends on root system architecture, which arises from the repeated branching off of lateral roots. A critical first step in lateral root formation is priming, which prepatterns sites competent of forming a lateral root. Priming is characterized by temporal oscillations in auxin, auxin signalling and gene expression in the root meristem, which through growth become transformed into a spatially repetitive pattern of competent sites. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of auxin synthesis, transport and perception for the amplitude of these oscillations and their chances of producing an actual competent site. Additionally, repeated lateral root cap apoptosis was demonstrated to be strongly correlated with repetitive lateral root priming. Intriguingly, no single mutation has been identified that fully abolishes lateral root formation, and thusfar the mechanism underlying oscillations has remained unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of auxin reflux loop properties combined with root growth dynamics on priming, using a computational approach. To this end we developed a novel multi-scale root model incorporating a realistic root tip architecture and reflux loop properties as well as root growth dynamics. Excitingly, in this model, repetitive auxin elevations automatically emerge. First, we show that root tip architecture and reflux loop properties result in an auxin loading zone at the start of the elongation zone, with preferential auxin loading in narrow vasculature cells. Second, we demonstrate how meristematic root growth dynamics causes regular alternations in the sizes of cells arriving at the elongation zone, which subsequently become amplified during cell expansion. These cell size differences translate into differences in cellular auxin loading potential. Combined, these properties result in temporal and spatial fluctuations in auxin levels in vasculature and pericycle cells. Our model predicts that temporal priming frequency predominantly depends on cell cycle duration, while cell cycle duration together with meristem size control lateral root spacing.

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confidence: 67%

Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

2018

Preprint

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“…The model predicted oscillations of auxin and BR signaling as inferred from ARF and BZR homodimers, respectively ( Figure 6A). Dynamic oscillations of auxin signaling contributes to priming of lateral root organs [45], but it remains unknown whether other (or even all) cell types display auxin and/or BR signaling oscillation [46,47]. In contrast to the homodimers, ARF-BZR heterodimers showed less regular behavior, suggesting that auxin and BR crosstalk signaling are not aligned in this scenario ( Figure 6A).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIN-LIKES Coordinate Brassinosteroid Signaling with Nuclear Auxin Input in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sun

Feraru

et al. 2020

Current Biology

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“…Lateral organ formation in roots is essentially different in that lateral roots are not formed by the root apical meristem but instead develop from new meristems which derive from pericycle cells. Whether or not pericycle cells engage in the cell division needed to develop lateral root meristems depends on priming by the root apical meristem (Laskowski & Ten Tusscher, ) and also on signaling mechanisms that reside outside of the root apical meristem. Thus, both shoot and root growth are modulated by regulatory mechanisms that act beyond those that reside in the apical meristems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic activity of auxin and cytokinin in shoot and root organs

2019

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The hormones auxin and cytokinin are essential for plant growth and development. Because of the central importance of root and shoot apical meristems in plant growth, auxin/cytokinin interactions have been predominantly analyzed in relation to apical meristem formation and function. In contrast, the auxin/cytokinin interactions during organ growth have remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that a specific interaction between auxin and cytokinin operates in both the root and the shoot where it serves as an additional determinant of plant development. We found that auxin at low concentrations limits the action of cytokinin. An increase in cytokinin level counteracts this inhibitory effect and leads to an inhibition of auxin signaling. At higher concentrations of both hormones, these antagonistic interactions between cytokinin and auxin are absent. Thus, our results reveal a bidirectional and asymmetrical interaction of auxin and cytokinin beyond the bounds of apical meristems. The relation is bidirectional in that both hormones exert inhibitory effects on each other's signaling mechanisms. However, this relation is also asymmetrical because under controlled growth conditions, auxin present in nontreated plants suppresses cytokinin signaling, whereas the reverse is not the case.

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Periodic Lateral Root Priming: What Makes It Tick?

Cited by 60 publications

References 90 publications

Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

Lateral Root Priming Synergystically Arises from Root Growth and Auxin Transport Dynamics

PIN-LIKES Coordinate Brassinosteroid Signaling with Nuclear Auxin Input in Arabidopsis thaliana

Antagonistic activity of auxin and cytokinin in shoot and root organs

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