Periodic fibrillar material in intracellular vesicles and in electron‐dense bodies in chondrocytes of rat costal and tracheal cartilage at various ages

Dearden, Lyle C.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001440305

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The presence of intracellular collagen-like material in Golgi saccules, vesicles, and vacuoles in mammalian chondrocytes reflects the involvement of these cells in collagen production (Sheldon and Kimball, 1962;Seegmiller et al, 1972;Dearden, 1975). There was, however, no evidence to suggest that lamprey chondrocytes are involved in collagen production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of cartilage from young adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L: A new type of vertebrate cartilage

Wright

Youson

1983

Am. J. Anat.

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Ultrastructural observations of cartilage from adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, reveal a highly cellular cartilage with an unusual extracellular matrix. The avascular cartilage is surrounded by a vascular perichondrium, which consists of dense connective tissue containing fibroblasts, collagen fibrils, and microfibrils. The cells (chondrocytes) vary in morphology in different parts of the cartilage in a way that may reflect their state of activity. Chondrocytes within the peripheral cartilage contain tubulo-vesicular structures along the cell surface, an extensive lamellar rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a well-developed Golgi complex with associated vesicles and vacuoles. The presence of material within the Golgi elements that resembles components of the extracellular matrix suggests the involvement of the peripheral chondrocytes in the synthesis and secretion of the matrix components. Chondrocytes within the central cartilage are hypertrophied and contain a pale cytoplasm with a reduced number of organelles that are widely spaced throughout the cell. The appearance of the organelles within these cells suggests that they are not as actively involved in the production of the matrix as those of the peripheral cartilage. The extracellular matrix consists of a dense network of randomly arranged, branched, noncollagenous matrix fibrils 15-40 nm in diameter and varying amounts of electron-dense matrix granules. Due to the unique nature of its extracellular matrix, the cartilage of the lamprey cannot be likened to any of the known vertebrate cartilages and, therefore, must be considered a new type of vertebrate cartilage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of cartilage from young adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L: A new type of vertebrate cartilage

Wright

Youson

1983

Am. J. Anat.

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“…Emergence of Chondrocytes in Serum-free Culture sisted of a loose meshwork of faintly banded collagen fibrils that were 19 nM in diameter . Ruthenium red-stained granules (putative proteoglycans) (2,15,16,19,21,33,34,38,46,53,55) 20-30 nM in diameter were associated with many of the collagen fibrils ( Fig. 3) and with the cell surfaces.…”

Section: Evidence For Cell Proliferation In Primary Cultures and Subcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After a prolonged period in culture, most calvarium cells were seen to be chondrocytes associated with cartilage nodules. Ultrastructural examination of cultures maintained for 30 d in chemically defined medium revealed that the cells in the nodules were embedded in a dense extracellular matrix resembling the chondrocyte lacunae of native cartilage (15,53) . The extracellular matrix was composed of collagen fibrils which were faintly banded and averaged 19 nm in diameter.…”

Section: Proteoglycan Labeling In Primary and Secondary Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective emergence of differentiated chondrocytes during serum-free culture of cells derived from fetal rat calvaria.

Rifas¹,

Uitto²,

Memoli³

et al. 1982

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Cells dispersed from the chondrocranial portions of fetal rat calvaria proliferated and performed specialized functions during primary culture in a chemically defined medium. Mature cultures were typified by multilayered clusters of redifferentiating cartilage cells. Flattened cells that lacked distinguishing features occupied areas between the clusters. Alkaline phosphate-enriched, ultrastructurally typical chondrocytes within the clusters were encased in a dense extracellular matrix that stained prominently for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. This matrix contained fibrils measuring 19 nm in diameter, which were associated with proteoglycan granules that preferentially bound ruthenium red. A progressive increase in the number of cells indicated the proliferation of certain elements in the primary culture. The cells in primary culture were biochemically as well as morphologically heterogeneous since they were found to synthesize type I and type II collagens. Homogeneous populations of redifferentiated chondrocytes were recovered as floating cells and were shown to express the chondrocyte phenotype in secondary culture. Subcultured cells synthesized type II collagen and its precursors almost exclusively and incorporated 35SO4 into proteoglycan monomer and aggregates to a greater degree than the cells in primary culture. The pattern of proteoglycan monomer and aggregate labeling resembled that of intact cartilage segments and bovine articular chondrocytes. Skin fibroblasts harvested from the same rat fetuses failed to proliferate when maintained under identical conditions. Hence, exogenous hormones, growth factors, and protein are not required for chondrocyte growth and maturation.

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“…The presence of periodic materials within the innermost Golgi cisterna strongly suggests that the materials represent a formative stage in a process of collagenogenesis. Similar intracytoplasmic structures were reported in other collagen-synthesizing cells, such as osteoblast, odontoblast, fibroblast, and fibrocartilage (Weinstock, 1972;Weinstock and Leblond, 1974;Dearden, 1975;Ghadially et al, 1978;Marchi and Leblond, 1983). Thus arises the question why do these structures, which appear in proliferating cells, engage in collagen formation?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Improved ultrastructural preservation of epiphyseal chondrocytes by the freeze‐substitution method

et al. 1987

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The ultrastructure of epiphyseal chondrocytes was studied following quick-freezing and freeze-substitution, and was compared to that of cells fixed with aqueous aldehydes. The former approach provided an improved ultrastructural preservation whereby every type of chondrocyte exhibited a smoother cell contour. The plasma membrane as well as intracytoplasmic membranes revealed a trilaminar substructure. The intracytoplasmic ground substance was composed of flocculent materials which were in direct contact with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Within the extracellular matrix the proteoglycan network adhered to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Whenever cellular shrinkage took place, the flocculent matrix within the cytoplasm and the proteoglycan network in the pericellular matrix disappeared. The contents of the RER, the Golgi apparatus, and the intracellular vesicles and vacuoles were well retained. In the proliferative zone, the Golgi saccules of young cells contained a thread-like structure showing a clear periodicity. The cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles showed marked variation in their electron density. Intramitochondrial granules were sensitive to aqueous treatments, as evidenced by the observation that they disappeared after either floating on water or staining with aqueous solution. In the calcifying zone, mitochondrial granules were noted within hypertrophic chondrocytes, a feature that was not observed following conventional processing. Cytoskeletal elements were well preserved in all types of cells. A dense microfilamentous network occupied the pericellular cytoplasm. Bundles of microfilaments were seen in the cellular peripheral processes. Microtubules were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, and the Golgi complex was intimately associated with the microtubule network; it appears that the secretory processes are involved with the microtubules.

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Periodic fibrillar material in intracellular vesicles and in electron‐dense bodies in chondrocytes of rat costal and tracheal cartilage at various ages

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Ultrastructure of cartilage from young adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L: A new type of vertebrate cartilage

Ultrastructure of cartilage from young adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L: A new type of vertebrate cartilage

Selective emergence of differentiated chondrocytes during serum-free culture of cells derived from fetal rat calvaria.

Improved ultrastructural preservation of epiphyseal chondrocytes by the freeze‐substitution method

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