Periodic breathing and hypoxia in snorers and controls: validation of snoring history and association with blood pressure and obesity

Telakivi, T; Partinen, Markku; Koskenvuo, Markku; Salmi, Tapani; Kaprio, Jaakko

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03547.x

Cited by 76 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In order to understand the role of sleep-related respiratory disturbances in the pathogenesis of HT, the relationship between BP and snoring was examined [16,22,23,187,[193][194][195][196][197][198][199], with variable results. Snoring was found to be directly related to diurnal [23] or nocturnal HT [134,198], but most studies suggested that this relationship was indirect, mediated by age, cigarette smoking, or obesity [16,22,129,187,193,194,196,197,199,200].…”

Section: Systemic Arterial Pressure (Fig 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms

Mr¹,

Marrone²,

Insalaco³

et al. 1994

Eur Respir J

131

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Section: Systemic Arterial Pressure (Fig 6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms

Mr¹,

Marrone²,

Insalaco³

et al. 1994

Eur Respir J

131

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“…All reported habitual snorers snored during the recording; approximately 13% of the reported nonsnorers snored. 17 Accordingly, obtaining snoring history by questionnaire seems to be valid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snoring as a risk factor for sleep-related brain infarction.

Palomäki

Partinen

Juvela

et al. 1989

Stroke

125

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We studied 177 consecutive male patients aged 16-60 years with brain infarction verified by neuroradiology and analyzed the time of onset of stroke symptoms related to sleep and the role of possible or known risk factors for brain infarction. Brain infarction occurred relatively more often during the first 30 minutes after awakening than at any other time. In multiple stepwise logistic regression analyses, snoring was the only independent risk factor differentiating stroke occurring during sleep and stroke occurring either during sleep or during the first 30 minutes after awakening from stroke occuring at other times of the day. The risk ratios were 2.65 (95% confidence interval 1.32-5.29, p<0.005) and 3.16 (95% confidence interval 1.61-6.22, p<0.001), respectively. Other factors tested were age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Arterial hypertension seemed to have an additive effect on the independent risk caused by snoring. {Stroke 1989;20:1311-1315) T here is a relation between the onset of stroke symptoms and the time of day, 1 -7 which may relate to the underlying pathophysiology of stroke type. Intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and embolic infarction often occur during daily activities, whereas atherothrombotic brain infarctions often have their onset during sleep or the early morning hours.1 -2 Habitual snoring has been associated with arterial hypertension and angina pectoris.8 " 11 Snoring has also been suggested as a risk factor for brain infarction.1112 Heavy snoring is almost always present in obstructive sleep apnea, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has many harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. 13 -16 We studied the association between diurnal variations in ischemic brain infarction and potential risk factors for stroke, including the history of snoring and sleep apnea. Subjects and MethodsWe studied 177 consecutive male patients aged 16-60 years admitted to the Meilahti University Hospital, Helsinki; we excluded from further study 10 patients whose sleeping habits could not be Received February 6, 1989; accepted May 16, 1989. obtained or in whom the time of stroke onset could not be determined. Brain infarction was diagnosed by a neurologist in the 167 patients and was verified in 165 (98.8%) by computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, or radioisotope planar scintigraphy. In many patients, more than one neuroradiologic method was used. When the clinical presentation indicated brainstem infarction, auditory evoked potentials were also recorded. We determined the occurrence of arterial hypertension (previous arterial hypertension with treatment or blood pressure > 150/100 mm Hg on admission and follow-up), coronary heart disease (previous myocardial infarction and/or clear signs of angina pectoris requiring medication), and diabetes mellitus (previous antidiabetic medication and/or special diet because of impaired glucose tolerance) from hospital ...

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“…The reliability of the data on snoring from the questionnaire has been assessed previously. 25 The history of snoring was categorized as "always or almost always" (habitual snoring), "often," "occasionally," or "never." Those who reported snoring habitually or often were defined as "snorers," and the rest of the patients and controls were defined as "nonsnorers."…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, 13% of self-reported never snorers were not aware of their snoring. 25 A history of snoring obtained by questionnaire seems to be valid and by no means an overestimation. Men giving their own sleeping history are less likely to report habitual snoring and more likely to classify themselves as nonsnorers than those consulting their bed partners.…”

Section: -25mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Snoring and the risk of ischemic brain infarction.

Palomäki

1991

Stroke

225

107

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To determine if a history of snoring is a risk factor for brain infarction, I conducted a case-control study of risk factors for ischemic stroke using 177 consecutive male patients aged 16-60 (mean 49) years with acute brain infarction. For each patient I chose an age-matched (±6 years) male control. Arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, snoring (habitually or often), and heavy drinking (>300 g/wk) were risk factors in the stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio of snoring for brain infarction was 2.13. By McNemar's test this association increased strongly if a history of sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, and obesity were all present with snoring (odds ratio 8.00). My study indicates that snoring may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke, possibly because of the higher prevalence of an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome among snorers than nonsnorers. (Stroke 1991 ;22:1021-1025)

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Periodic breathing and hypoxia in snorers and controls: validation of snoring history and association with blood pressure and obesity

Cited by 76 publications

References 15 publications

The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms

The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms

Snoring as a risk factor for sleep-related brain infarction.

Snoring and the risk of ischemic brain infarction.

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