Periodic Arrangement of Lipopolysaccharides Nanostructures Accelerates and Enhances the Maturation Processes of Dendritic Cells

Abstract

This work reports an important application of nanomaterials consisting of biological ligands, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) nanostructures. Upon immobilization onto surfaces as periodic arrays of nanostructures, these surface-bound LPS nanostructures significantly impacted the maturation process of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs): accelerating the maturation process in comparison to other means of ligand presentations such as LPS solution and monolayers on surfaces. In some cases, LPS nanostructures led to a new maturation phenotype in vitro characterized by hyper-dendritized morphology. This level of maturation enhancement was observed for the first time in vitro. Possible mechanisms leading to the acceleration and enhancement of BMDC maturation were also discussed. This work demonstrates an important concept: surface-bound nanostructures of ligands provide a new and powerful cue for regulating cellular signaling processes. The fact that primary cells' signaling processes, such as BMDC maturation, can be altered suggests a new means for programming dendritic cells for immune therapy.

Tunneling nanotubes mediate the expression of senescence markers in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell spheroids

“…Sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization followed known protocols. 22 Briefly, spheroids underwent overnight fixation in 10% formalin (Thermo Fisher), and were resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Mediatech, Manassas, Virginia). This suspension was pipetted onto poly-L-lysine-coated silicon wafers, followed by a multi-step dehydration process before being placed inside the SEM chamber.…”

Single Dose of a Polyanhydride Particle-Based Vaccine Generates Potent Antigen-Specific Antitumor Immune Responses

“…DCs exposed to polyanhydride particles demonstrated significant increases in cytokine secretion and CD80/CD86 expression. The expression of these maturation markers contributes to their potency in subsequently activating CD8 1 T cells (Acuto and Michel, 2003;Liu et al, 2018). These observations have important implications for developing antitumor responses in hosts with cancer cells.…”

“…Quantitative and qualitative cellular uptake and subsequent stimulatory effects of polyanhydride particles on DCs were studied. DCs were derived from the bone marrow of C57BL/6J mice as previously described (Liu et al, 2018). Briefly, bone marrow cells were extracted from the femur and tibia, and were grown on bacteriological Petri dishes in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI 1640) supplemented with: 10 mM HEPES buffer, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.1 mM minimal essential medium nonessential amino acids MEM-NEAA, 2 mM GlutaMAX (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY), 50 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (MilliporeSigma), 50 ng/ml gentamicin sulfate (IBI Scientific, Peosta, IA), 10% fetal bovine serum (Atlanta Biologicals, Flowery Branch, GA), and 20 ng/ml of murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ), in a humidified incubator at 37°C containing 5% CO 2 .…”

Controlled Molecular Assembly of Tetrazine Derivatives on Surfaces

“…15,28,29 Preparation of surfaces as support for material delivery Glass slide substrates were first cleaned following established protocols. 30 Briefly, slides were soaked in piranha solution for 1 h, and then rinsed with a copious amount of MQ water. The slides were then treated with a basic bath [mixture of NH 4 OH, H 2 O 2 , and H 2 O at a ratio of 5∶1∶1 (v/v/v)] for 1 h at 70°C and then rinsed with a copious amount of MQ water followed by drying under nitrogen gas.…”