Perinuclear P granules are the principal sites of mRNA export in adult <i>C. elegans</i> germ cells

Sheth, Ujwal; Pitt, Jason N.; Dennis, Shannon; Priess, James R

doi:10.1242/jcs.071480

Cited by 27 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Germ granules contain diverse RNAs and RNA‐binding proteins with important roles in transcriptional silencing and control of TEs . Germ granules or similar structures are associated with nuclear pores and can be considered gatekeepers of RNA exit from, and entry to, germline nuclei . Germline security, including the exclusion of infectious retroelements from the nucleus, may be the primary function of germ granules .…”

Section: Specification Of Germ Cells Is Evolutionarily Labilementioning

confidence: 99%

Transposable elements: Self‐seekers of the germline, team‐players of the soma

Haig

2016

BioEssays

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The germ track is the cellular path by which genes are transmitted to future generations whereas somatic cells die with their body and do not leave direct descendants. Transposable elements (TEs) evolve to be silent in somatic cells but active in the germ track. Thus, the performance of most bodily functions by a sequestered soma reduces organismal costs of TEs. Flexible forms of gene regulation are permissible in the soma because of the self-imposed silence of TEs, but strict licensing of transcription and translation is maintained in the germ track to control proliferation of TEs. Delayed zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and maternally inherited germ granules are adaptations that enhance germ-track security. Mammalian embryos exhibit very early ZGA associated with extensive mobilization of retroelements. This window of vulnerability to retrotransposition in early embryos is an indirect consequence of evolutionary conflicts within the mammalian genome over postzygotic maternal provisioning.

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Section: Specification Of Germ Cells Is Evolutionarily Labilementioning

confidence: 99%

Transposable elements: Self‐seekers of the germline, team‐players of the soma

Haig

2016

BioEssays

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“…Interestingly, many of the identified candidates are described to at least transiently associate with P granules, dense assemblies of RNAs and proteins in the C. elegans germline. Most mRNAs transit through P granules when exported from the nucleus 50 , and it has been proposed that P granules provide an environment to facilitate coordinated RBP-mRNA interactions (reviewed in ref. 51 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of proteins and miRNAs that specifically bind an mRNA in vivo

2019

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Understanding regulation of an mRNA requires knowledge of its regulators. However, methods for reliable de-novo identification of proteins binding to a particular RNA are scarce and were thus far only successfully applied to abundant noncoding RNAs in cell culture. Here, we present vIPR, an RNA-protein crosslink, RNA pulldown, and shotgun proteomics approach to identify proteins bound to selected mRNAs in C. elegans. Applying vIPR to the germlinespecific transcript gld-1 led to enrichment of known and novel interactors. By comparing enrichment upon gld-1 and lin-41 pulldown, we demonstrate that vIPR recovers both common and specific RNA-binding proteins, and we validate DAZ-1 as a specific gld-1 regulator. Finally, combining vIPR with small RNA sequencing, we recover known and biologically important transcript-specific miRNA interactions, and we identify miR-84 as a specific interactor of the gld-1 transcript. We envision that vIPR will provide a platform for investigating RNA in vivo regulation in diverse biological systems.

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“…On the other hand, defining P granules as liquid droplets connotates homogeneity and fails to capture their enriched complexity. Electron microscopy has revealed that P granules in the adult germline have electron‐dense bases and crests, and immunostaining shows an order of layers that connect P granules to the nuclear periphery . In the early embryo, the P‐granule component MEG‐3 forms a gel‐like scaffold that provides a stable location that the more dynamic P‐granule proteins adhere to .…”

Section: Granule Migration To Liquid Phase Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One IDR prevalent in P‐granule proteins consists of FG‐repeats—hydrophobic phenylalanine residues interspersed in glycine‐rich domains every 10 to 15 amino acids (Figure ). FG‐repeats found in the P‐granule associated DEAD‐box helicase proteins GLH‐1, GLH‐2, GLH‐4, RDE‐12 and DDX‐19, resemble the FG‐repeats of nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins . FG‐nucleoporins (FG‐Nups), establish the size exclusion barrier of NPCs, likely through the hydrophobicity of these regularly‐spaced phenylalanines to form a mesh or “smart sieve” .…”

Section: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins In P‐granule Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Membraneless organelles: P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans

Marnik

Updike

2019

Traffic

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www.traf c.dkCover legend: A 3-D perspec ve of an immunofl uorescence image showing three C. elegans embryos at progressive developmental stages (le to right). Non-membrane bound P granules (green) par on to germline blastomeres and eventually surrounding the nuclear envelope (red) and its DNA (blue). Aim and ScopeTraffic encourages and facilitates the publication of papers covering the cell biology of intracellular transport in health and disease. Areas of interest include protein, nucleic acid and lipid traffic, molecular motors, intracellular pathogens, intracellular proteolysis, nuclear import and export, cytokinesis and the cell cycle, protein translocation, antigen processing and presentation, organelle biogenesis, metabolism, cell polarity and organization, and organelle movement.All aspects of the structural, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, morphology, intracellular signaling and relationship to hereditary or infectious diseases will be covered. Manuscripts must provide a clear conceptual or mechanistic advance. The editors will reject papers that require major changes, including addition of significant experimental data or other significant revision.

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Perinuclear P granules are the principal sites of mRNA export in adult C. elegans germ cells

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Transposable elements: Self‐seekers of the germline, team‐players of the soma

Transposable elements: Self‐seekers of the germline, team‐players of the soma

Identification of proteins and miRNAs that specifically bind an mRNA in vivo

Membraneless organelles: P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans

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