Perinuclear Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody and Response to Treatment in Diarrheic Dogs with Food Responsive Disease or Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between perinuclear antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA) and clinical scores before and after treatment in diarrheic dogs with food-responsive disease (FRD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). pANCA serology was evaluated prospectively by indirect immunofluorescence in 65 dogs with signs of gastrointestinal disease, and if positive, pANCA antibody titers were determined. Thirty-nine dogs with FRD responded to a novel diet, and 26 dogs with IBD were treated with corticosteroids. The severity of clinical signs was scored by means of a canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI). At initial examination, a significantly (P = .002) higher percentage of dogs were pANCA-positive in the FRD group (62%) compared with the IBD group (23%). pANCA titers were significantly higher (P = .003) before treatment in the FRD group (median titer 100) compared with the IBD group (median titer 1). However, there was no difference in pANCA titers between the groups after respective treatments because dogs in the IBD group had a significant increase in pANCA titer after treatment. The CIBDAI score decreased significantly (P < .001) after treatment in both groups (74% moderate to severe in FRD dogs before versus 8% after treatment; 85% moderate to severe in IBD dogs before versus 32% after treatment). There was no correlation between pANCA status in FRD or IBD dogs before treatment and scores for CIBDAI, endoscopy, or histopathology before or after treatment, except for the endoscopic duodenal score in dogs with FRD after treatment (P = .03). A positive pANCA test before therapy may aid in the diagnosis of FRD.

Clinical utility of currently available biomarkers in inflammatory enteropathies of dogs

“…Seropositivity for pANCA (and also pANCA titers) is higher in dogs with FRE (61%‐62%) than in those with IRE or NRE (0%‐37%) 95, 99, 100, 101. However, pANCA seropositivity is not specific for CIE and also can occur with other immune‐mediated, infectious, or neoplastic diseases 101, 102.…”

Apical Junction Complex Protein Expression in the Canine Colon

“…The role of food-derived antigens in the pathogenesis of canine IBD is supported by the observation that dietary manipulation on its own is associated with clinical improvement in some dogs with clinical and histopathological features of IBD (Luckschander et al 2006). The role of luminal bacteria is supported by the observation that manipulation of bacterial flora, with either antibiotics or probiotics, is effective in ameliorating intestinal inflammation both in humans with spontaneous IBD and in experimental models (Sartor 2001).…”

Expression of serotonin, chromogranin-A, serotonin receptor-2B, tryptophan hydroxylase-1, and serotonin reuptake transporter in the intestine of dogs with chronic enteropathy

“…30 Canine patients may present with clinical signs of GI dysfunction, such as vomiting, diarrhea, inappetence, and weight loss, resulting from a broad variety of etiologies. A common feature of many of these conditions is the presence of GI inflammation, which may be the result of dietary intolerance (so-called "food-responsive diarrhea" 28 ), intestinal dysbioses, chronic colonization by bacterial pathogens (so-called "antibiotic-responsive diarrhea" 21,41 ), or the condition may be idiopathic. As classically understood, canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by persistent or recurrent clinical signs of GI disease of unidentified cause, associated with histologic evidence of inflammatory infiltration of the intestinal mucosa.…”