Perinatal Dietary Choline Deficiency in Sows Influences Concentrations of Choline Metabolites, Fatty Acids, and Amino Acids in Milk throughout Lactation

Mudd, Austin T.; Alexander, Lindsey S.; Johnson, Sara A.; Getty, Caitlyn M; Malysheva, Olga; Caudill, Marie A.; Dilger, Ryan N.

doi:10.3945/jn.116.238832

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…When the body has high choline content, choline enters the mitochondria, in which it is metabolized to betaine aldehyde by choline oxidase, and betaine aldehyde is further oxidized to betaine by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. When the body lacks choline, the betaine content will decrease (34). Betaine is mainly produced by choline in the body, and plasma betaine levels are positively correlated with the choline concentration (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Urinary Metabolomics in Giant Pandas Using Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Pregnancy-Related Changes in the Metabolome

Cao

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Giant pandas represent one of the most endangered species worldwide, and their reproductive capacity is extremely low. They have a relatively long gestational period, mainly because embryo implantation is delayed. Giant panda cubs comprise only a small proportion of the mother's body weight, making it difficult to determine whether a giant panda is pregnant. Timely determination of pregnancy contributes to the efficient breeding and management of giant pandas. Meanwhile, metabolomics studies the metabolic composition of biological samples, which can reflect metabolic functions in cells, tissues, and organisms. This work explored the urinary metabolites of giant pandas during pregnancy. A sample of 8 female pandas was selected. Differences in metabolite levels in giant panda urine samples were analyzed via ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry comparing pregnancy to anoestrus. Pattern recognition techniques, including partial least squares-discriminant analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, were used to analyze multiple parameters of the data. Compared with the results during anoestrus, multivariate statistical analysis of results obtained from the same pandas being pregnant identified 16 differential metabolites in the positive-ion mode and 43 differential metabolites in the negative-ion mode. The levels of tryptophan, choline, kynurenic acid, uric acid, indole-3-acetaldehyde, taurine, and betaine were higher in samples during pregnancy, whereas those of xanthurenic acid and S-adenosylhomocysteine were lower. Amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and organic acid production differed significantly between anoestrus and pregnancy. Our results provide new insights into metabolic changes in the urine of giant pandas during pregnancy, and the differential levels of metabolites in urine provide a basis for determining pregnancy in giant pandas. Understanding these metabolic changes could be helpful for managing pregnant pandas to provide proper nutrients to their fetuses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Urinary Metabolomics in Giant Pandas Using Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Pregnancy-Related Changes in the Metabolome

Cao

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Porcine milk was collected as part of a previous study [ 18 ]. Samples were then analyzed for mineral profiles by using standardized procedures (Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN, USA) to establish iron content.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Effects of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Subsequent Repletion on Blood Parameters and the Rate and Composition of Growth in Pigs

Knight

Dilger

2018

Nutrients

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Iron deficiency is reported as the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide. Due to rapid growth, infants are at particular risk for developing iron deficiency, which can easily progress to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), if not treated. The aim of this study was to determine the lasting effects of an early-life iron deficiency after a period of dietary iron repletion. Forty-two intact male pigs were fed, ad libitum, either control (CONT, 21.3 mg Fe/L) or iron-deficient (ID 2.72 mg Fe/L) milk replacer from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 32 (phase 1). From PND 33 to 61 (phase 2), all pigs were transitioned onto a series of industry-standard, iron-adequate diets. Blood was collected weekly from PND 7 to 28, and again on PND 35 and 56, and tissues were collected at either PND 32 or PND 61. At the end of phase 1, ID pigs exhibited reduced hematocrit (Hct; p < 0.0001) and hemoglobin (Hb; p < 0.0001) compared with CONT pigs, but neither Hct (p = 0.5968) nor Hb (p = 0.6291) differed between treatment groups after dietary iron repletion at the end of phase 2. Body weight gain was reduced (p < 0.0001) 58% at PND 32 in ID pigs compared with CONT pigs during phase 1, and this effect remained significant at the end of phase 2 (p = 0.0001), with ID pigs weighing 34% less than CONT pigs at PND 61. Analysis of peripheral protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression biomarkers yielded inconclusive results, as would be expected based on previous biomarker analyses across multiple species. These findings suggest that early-life iron status negatively influences blood parameters and growth performance, with dietary iron repletion allowing for full recovery of hematological outcomes, but not growth performance.

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“…The concentrations of fat, lactose, protein, and nonfat solid in milk were analyzed using an ultrasonic milk analyzer (MILKYWAY-CP2; Hangzhou Simple Technology Company, Limited, Hangzhou, China) as described previously [15]. The free amino acid concentration in milk was measured, as described previously [24]. Briefly, 1.0 mL milk was mixed with 1.0 mL n-hexane and centrifuged at 12,000× g for 5 min at 4 • C to remove fat.…”

Section: Milk Composition and Amino Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids by Both Sows and Piglets Enhances the Ability of the Progeny to Adverse Effects Induced by Lipopolysaccharide

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2019

Animals

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This study determined the effects of increased consumption of sulfur amino acids (SAA), as either DL-Met or Hydroxy-Met (OH-Met), by sows and piglets on their performance and the ability of the progeny to resist a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Thirty primiparous sows were fed a diet adequate in SAA (CON) or CON + 25% SAA, either as DL-Met or OH-Met from gestation day 85 to postnatal day 21. At 35 d old, 20 male piglets from each treatment were selected and divided into 2 groups (n = 10/treatment) for a 3 × 2 factorial design [diets (CON, DL-Met or OH-Met) and challenge (saline or LPS)]. OH-Met and/or DL-Met supplementation increased (p ≤ 0.05) piglets’ body weight gain during day 0–7 and day 7–14. Sow’s milk quality was improved in the supplemented treatments compared to the CON. The LPS challenge decreased (p ≤ 0.05) piglets’ performance from 35 to 63 d and increased (p ≤ 0.05) the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and malondialdehyde. Plasma albumin, total protein, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase decreased post-challenge. The results were better with OH-Met than DL-Met. The increase of Met consumption, particularly as OH-Met increased piglets’ growth performance during the lactation phase and the challenging period.

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Perinatal Dietary Choline Deficiency in Sows Influences Concentrations of Choline Metabolites, Fatty Acids, and Amino Acids in Milk throughout Lactation

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Assessing Urinary Metabolomics in Giant Pandas Using Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Pregnancy-Related Changes in the Metabolome

Assessing Urinary Metabolomics in Giant Pandas Using Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Pregnancy-Related Changes in the Metabolome

Longitudinal Effects of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Subsequent Repletion on Blood Parameters and the Rate and Composition of Growth in Pigs

Increased Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids by Both Sows and Piglets Enhances the Ability of the Progeny to Adverse Effects Induced by Lipopolysaccharide

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