Perinatal and Neonatal Determinants of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study in Yorkshire, U.K.

McKinney, Patricia A.; Parslow, Roger; Gurney, Karen; Law, Graham; Bodansky, H. J.; Williams, Rhys

doi:10.1097/00006254-200001000-00003

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…We did not find any associations of parental age or birth order with the risk of type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 15-39 years of age. This is contrary to the findings from some previous studies carried out among childhood onset cases of type 1 diabetes [8,[18][19][20]. On the other hand, our results are consistent with studies in which the effects of maternal age [7] and birth order [17] were limited only to the very young-onset cases of type 1 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…An increased risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood has been associated with a high maternal age at birth [7,[17][18][19][20]. Weaker associations between type 1 diabetes risk and high paternal age at conception have been found [17,20], but this association has not always been significant after adjusting for maternal age and other confounding factors [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of antenatal factors have been carried out among patients with type 1 diabetes diagnosed under the age of 21 years [7,[17][18][19][20]. In a study conducted in the UK, increasing birth order had a protective effect only against type 1 diabetes diagnosed before 5 years of age [17], and in a Swedish study high maternal age was a risk factor for diabetes only among children diagnosed under 10 years of age [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of birth order and parental age on the risk of type 1 and 2 diabetes among young adults

Lammi

Moltchanova²,

Blomstedt³

et al. 2007

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine the effects of birth order and parental age on the risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among Finnish individuals aged 15-39 years. Methods Data on all cases of type 1 diabetes (n=1,345) and type 2 diabetes (n=1,072), diagnosed between 1992 and 1996, were collected from four sources: standardised national reports from diabetes nurses, the National Hospital Discharge Register, the Drug Prescription Register and the Drug Reimbursement Register. Information on matched controls and the family members of all study subjects were obtained from the National Population Registry. The odds ratios (ORs) for both types of diabetes were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. Results There was a U-shaped relationship between maternal age and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the offspring: the risk was higher in children born to young and old mothers compared with children born to mothers aged around 30 years. The children born second (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.94), third (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.95), or fourth (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.94) had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes than the first-born children. Maternal age, paternal age, and birth order did not have an effect on the risk of type 1 diabetes in the individuals aged 15-39 years at the time of diagnosis. Conclusions/interpretation Maternal age and birth order are both associated with the risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes. However, part of these associations may be due to low birthweight. In this study neither parental age nor birth order showed a significant association with the risk of type 1 diabetes diagnosed after 15 years of age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of birth order and parental age on the risk of type 1 and 2 diabetes among young adults

Lammi

Moltchanova²,

Blomstedt³

et al. 2007

Diabetologia

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show abstract

“…An earlier study [41] was excluded in favour of a larger study [42] that included all the participants enrolled in the former. Three articles [25,26,28] reported the same data. A study [33] was excluded because no raw data were presented in the paper or available from the authors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The searches identified nine eligible articles using MEDLINE [15,17,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30]; a further article was identified from Web of Science [31] and another from EMBASE [32]. The more general MEDLINE search identified a further eight articles [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], and review of reference lists revealed another two articles [41,42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence of an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in children born by Caesarean section by systematically reviewing the published literature and performing a meta-analysis with adjustment for recognised confounders. Methods After MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE searches, crude ORs and 95% CIs for type 1 diabetes in children born by Caesarean section were calculated from the data reported in each study. Authors were contacted to Diabetologia (2008) 51:726-735

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The changing epidemiology of type 1 diabetes: why is it going through the roof?

Vehik

Dabelea

2010

Diabetes Metabolism Res

157

122

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The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing and this may double the burden of disease in our youngest by 2020. The recent increase in incidence is mostly happening in the very young and those with moderate genetic susceptibility. Many environmental factors have been implicated, but no major determinants have been clearly identified, and the mechanisms of involvement remain elusive. This review summarizes current research efforts directed at understanding the possible reasons for this increase, including the role of viruses, gut microbiota, early life feeding patterns, perinatal factors and childhood growth patterns. It also provides a road map for future research directions.

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Perinatal and Neonatal Determinants of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study in Yorkshire, U.K.

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of birth order and parental age on the risk of type 1 and 2 diabetes among young adults

The effect of birth order and parental age on the risk of type 1 and 2 diabetes among young adults

Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

The changing epidemiology of type 1 diabetes: why is it going through the roof?

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