Perimetria azul-amarelo em usuários de tabaco-álcool

Abstract

A higher number of abnormal points and depth graph defects and number of altered points were observed in alcohol and tobacco smoking consumers reflecting a higher number of alterations in the cells of the parvocellular system, responsible for color function, by B/Y perimetry.

Blue-yellow deficiencies in young moderate smokers

“…Both in our results and in those by De Carvalho and co-workers 12 the asymmetry in the pattern of sensitivity decrement in the visual field may be explained by the paucity hyphothesis. 14 In vertebrates, there is a decline in the spatial densities in most of cell types (except for rods and S bipolar cells) with increasing retinal eccentricity, and this is particularly true for mammals.…”

“…Different spatial patterns of blue-yellow sensitivity loss have been previously reported in smokers, using SWAP and the full-threshold strategy, 12 , 13 as in our study. Prevalence of diffuse damage and localized damage in the upper hemifield has been described in the central 10−2 visual fields of older (46.8 ± 9.0 years) heavy tobacco smokers, 12 but the results may be affected by the fact that the subjects were also alcohol consumers. In moderate smokers, Arkasu and co-workers 13 found a sensitivity loss at fovea, but no other localized loss or an overall sensitivity reduction in the central 30−2 visual field, in disagreement with our results.…”

“…On the other hand, normal subjects make more errors in caps 40–50, whose correct arrangement relies on the responses of the blue-yellow mechanism, 15 and, therefore slight differences in this mechanism could pass undetected in a small sample. There is also evidence supporting that the differences between smokers and non-smokers could be affected by other factors, such as coffee or alcohol intake 12 , 39 , 40 or the use of contraceptives. 39 , 40 Though we collected data about usual coffee or alcohol intake in our questionnaire, given the smallness of the sample, it was not possible to analyse which of these parameters did affect FM100hue or SWAP results.…”

“…Previous studies with groups of smokers classified according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day, using red-on-white 11 or blue-yellow 12 , 13 (SWAP) perimetry, found foveal sensitivity losses in moderate smokers (maximum 20 cig/day), 12 while in chronic smokers (minimum 20 cig/day) they found paracentral scotomas. 11 …”

Impairment of color spatial vision in chronic alcoholism measured by psychophysical methods

“…All of these studies used the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test or color arrangement tests to evaluate color vision performance. Moreover, blue-yellow visual field perimetry has revealed color vision deficiencies in chronic alcoholic subjects (de Carvalho Júnior, Danda, Dantas, Arraes, & Cavalcanti, 2006). The Ishihara test is well suited to detect red-green congenital color vision deficiencies but is not entirely appropriate for other forms of color vision dysfunctions, such as acquired red-green or blue-yellow color vision losses.…”