Perilla Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Colon of Mice by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of perilla oil (PO) on high-fat diet (HD)-induced colonic inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice (5 weeks old) were divided into four groups: normal diet, HD, HD supplemented with fish oil (FO), and HD supplemented with PO, and were fed experimental diets for 16 weeks. PO significantly ameliorated (P < .05) the HD-induced colon inflammation as indicated by the increased colon length and low macroscopic score. PO increased the number of Bifidobacteria and reduced the number of Enterobacteriaceae, which in turn resulted in the lowering of endotoxin levels. Proinflammatory cytokines in serum and colon such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a were also decreased by PO treatment. In addition, PO suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide, and inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-jB in the colon while increasing the expression of the tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1. The gene expression of GPR120, a membrane receptor activated by omega-3 fatty acids, was increased in the oiltreated groups. Altogether, PO improved HD-induced colon inflammatory conditions, and the effects were similar to those of FO, confirming that PO is a potential omega-3 fatty acid source for dietary supplements.

Molecular Mechanism of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Perilla Seed Oil and Rosmarinic Acid Rich Fraction Extracted from Perilla Seed Meal on TNF-α Induced A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

“…The findings in our study are in accordance with the report that in mice, PSO rich in alpha-linolenic acid also inhibits COX-2 and iNOS expression by inhibiting the protein expression of NF-κB (p65) [72]. Moreover, it was found that PSO reduces the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2 mRNA by inhibiting p65 phosphorylation in colonic inflammation induced by a high-fat diet in mice [73]. Notably, RA alone was shown to inhibit inflammation in H22 tumor-bearing mice by reducing the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and p65 and p-p65 expression [74].…”

Protective Effect of Diet-Supplemented and Endogenously Produced Omega-3 Fatty Acids against HFD-Induced Colon Inflammation in Mice

“…In a previous study, we observed that PO exerts protective effects against HFD-induced colon inflammation. The effects were similar to those of FO, which was used as a positive control [18]. In the present study, we evaluated the comparative effect of endogenously produced omega-3 fatty acids in fat-1 transgenic mice and diet-supplemented omega-3 fatty acids in wild-type (WT) mice against HFD-induced colon inflammation.…”

A comparative study of nutrient composition, bioactive properties and phytochemical characteristics of Stauntonia obovatifoliola flesh and pericarp

“…It has been documented that SO fruit is a rich source of proteins, pectin, vitamins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and minerals, which confers its excellent medicinal, edible, and ornamental value (10,11). Especially in the field of folk medicine, SO has shown antipyretic, diuretic, dredge meridians, analgesic, and lactogenic effects, and could be used in the treatment of many diseases, such as rheumatism, beriberi, axillary carbuncle, cystitis, traumatic injury, trigeminal neuralgia, and sciatica (12,13). Although there are various positive effects on health, SO is still underutilized, only a tiny amount has been consumed as a fruit.…”