Perilipin 1 and adipophilin immunoexpression suggests the presence of lipid droplets in tooth germ, ameloblastoma, and ameloblastic carcinoma

Abstract

Background Increased lipogenesis and lipid droplet accumulation are observed in diverse tumors, and these processes are associated with poor prognosis in several tumors, representing potential therapeutic targets. The presence of lipid droplets in odontogenic tissues and/or tumors is unknown. Methods Immunohistochemistry for perilipin 1 and adipophilin was performed in 12 human tooth germs (TG), 27 conventional ameloblastoma (AM), and 8 ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) samples. Cytoplasmic staining was analyzed using an immunoreactive score (IRS), and the results were compared for the TG, AM, and AC samples by Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by Dunn's post‐test and confirmed by Mann‐Whitney U test. Results Perilipin 1 was negative in 91.7% of the TG samples, positive in 48.2% of the AM samples, and positive in 87.5% of the AC samples. Adipophilin was positive in 100% of the TG samples, 92.6% of the AM samples, and 100% of the AC samples. The perilipin 1 and adipophilin IRS revealed statistically significant differences between the TG, AM, and AC samples (p = .007 and p = .018, respectively). The perilipin 1 levels among the TG and AC samples were statically significant (**p = .0085), as well as the adipophilin levels when TG and AM samples were compared (**p < .0029). Conclusions Adipophilin exhibits significant activity in human tooth development. The immunoexpression of perilipin 1 and adipophilin in the AM and AC samples suggests the presence of lipid droplets, providing further evidence of metabolic alterations in these tumors. Additional studies with larger samples and alternative techniques are necessary to confirm these findings.

Immunohistochemical analysis of pyroptosis‐related protein expression in IgG4‐related sialadenitis

“…The positive results were assessed by semiquantitative scoring. The immunohistochemical analysis of pyroptosis‐related protein expression in the cytoplasm of salivary glands affected by IgG4‐RS was performed using an immunoreactive score (IRS), 16 and the ratio of the number of positive cells to the total number of cells counted was used to quantify the staining 17 …”

“…Connective and fibrotic tissues were selectively stained blue, nuclei were stained with Weigert's iron haematoxylin and appeared dark brown to black, and the cytoplasm was stained red. in the cytoplasm of salivary glands affected by IgG4-RS was performed using an immunoreactive score (IRS), 16 and the ratio of the number of positive cells to the total number of cells counted was used to quantify the staining. 17 The intensity of expression was scored as follows: 1, weak; 2, moderate; and 3, strong.…”

Differential Expression of Immunohistochemical Markers in Ameloblastoma & Ameloblastic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of observational studies

“…There were 11 studies [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] from Asia, three from North America, [21][22][23] four from South America, [24][25][26][27] and one 28 from the Australian population. The age ranges in AB and AC were found to be 11-78 years 11,13,18,20,22,25,28 and 16-72 years, respectively.…”

“…Nineteen articles studied 41 markers [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] which could be categorized as proliferative and nonproliferative markers. Ki67, 11,13,15,22,23,24 AgNOR, 15,25 PCNA, 12 and p53 22,24 are all proliferative markers.…”

Adipophilin: roles in physiology and pathology

“…Except for the above diseases and tumours, adipophilin has been detected in malignant melanoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, salivary gland secretory carcinoma, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, and brain ageing and neurodegeneration 24 49. However, its diagnostic role for these diseases is not yet clear.…”