Perigraft reaction and incorporation of porcine and bovine pericardial patches

Abstract

OBJECTIVES Bovine and porcine pericardial patches are frequently used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery. There are no guidelines recommending the usage of these patches for particular surgical approaches. However, these 2 materials supposedly possess different properties. The clinical advantage of porcine compared with bovine patches remains controversial. In this experimental study, we analysed the incorporation and vascularization of bovine and porcine pericardial patches during the initial phase after implantation. METHODS Bovine and porcine pericardial patches were implanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of C57BL/6 mice (n = 8 per group) to study vascularization and inflammation at the implantation site using repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy over a 14-day period. At the end of the in vivo experiments, CD-31-positive cells were determined to evaluate the vascularization by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, cell proliferation and apoptosis were analysed immunohistochemically. RESULTS Implanted bovine patches exhibited an enhanced vascularization, as indicated by a significantly higher number of CD-31-positive cells and micro-vessels (23.2 ± 4.3 vs 16.5 ± 5.8 mm−2; P = 0.001). Furthermore, bovine patches showed a slightly but not significantly higher functional capillary density. Both patches induced a moderate leukocytic inflammatory host tissue response, and neither bovine nor porcine patches significantly affected apoptosis and cell proliferation at the implantation site. CONCLUSIONS Bovine and porcine pericardial patches are similarly suitable for surgery. Bovine patches exhibited an improved vascularization during the first 14 days after implantation. This may result in a quicker and improved incorporation into the surrounding tissue compared with porcine pericardial patches.

A New Detergent for the Effective Decellularization of Bovine and Porcine Pericardia

“…Bovine and porcine pericardial patches are frequently used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery as prosthetic materials [ 16 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. To avoid the detrimental effects of glutaraldehyde treatment, i.e., calcific degeneration [ 20 , 39 , 63 ] and cytotoxicity [ 56 , 64 ], tissue engineering has been focused on tissue decellularization with the purpose of creating a material that is easy to obtain, non-immunogenic, and that can be repopulated by the patient’s own cells in order to integrate and grow with the host.…”

Use of a bovine pericardial patch angioplasty for completion of a complicated end to side anastomosis of a recipient vessel in the free flap reconstruction of a radiated wound: A case report

“…A nine‐year experience comparing bovine patch angioplasty to direct suture, both commonly used in carotid endarterectomies, revealed much lower rates of restenosis and occlusion within the first year with bovine patch angioplasty (Biasi et al, 2002 ). Due to its xenogeneic nature, bovine patches may induce a moderate inflammatory host response, but cell proliferation and apoptosis immunohistochemical analysis have demonstrated that these parameters were not significantly affected at the implantation site (Schlachtenberger et al, 2021 ). However, given complexity of an irradiated wound bed, neovascularization may not occur, and thus further studies should assess thrombosis rates in microanastomosis of the vessel to bovine patch in free flap repairs.…”