“…However, m is suggested to be 3 or 3.015 in most PD application literature (Madenci and Oterkus, 2014;Silling and Askari, 2005;Wang et al, 2020). Moreover, the PD application in ice simulation (Vazic et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2018a;Zhang et al, 2020) has also demonstrated that the 3.015 is the optimum value for m. Therefore,…”