Pericytes and Their Role in Microvasculature Homeostasis

Edelman, David A.; Yang, Jiang; Tyburski, James G.; Wilson, Robert F.; Steffes, Christopher P.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2006.06.010

Cited by 67 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…1, F and G), and their intimate ultrastructural association with the endothelium, it seems highly unlikely that these cells were SMC, myofibroblasts, or macrophages. Rather, most of their characteristics corresponded more closely to those of classical (microvascular) pericytes (6,19,20,72,76). To substantiate this contention further, generally accepted pericyte-specific staining experiments were performed, the main results of which are summarized in Fig.…”

Section: Further Histological Characterization Identified Subendothelmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Specialized pericytes in other organs are also well known and have been thoroughly studied under other names, e.g., the stellate (58) or Ito-cells (66) in the liver and the mesangial cells of the renal glomerulus (65). More recently, the roles of microvascular pericytes in blood flow and blood pressure regulation, maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, immune defense, inflammatory processes, hemostatic reactions, and angiogenesis have attracted attention (6,9,19,20,72,76). The intimate association and interaction between the endothelium and the pericytes in microvessels (4), in addition to the similarly close correlation of EC and pericytes in the intima of large vessels reported in the present study, suggests that a general feature of pericytes is their support, both structurally and functionally, of endothelium, regardless of the vessel type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pericytes in the macrovascular intima: possible physiological and pathogenetic impact

Juchem¹,

Weiss

Gansera

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The frequently observed de-endothelialization of venous coronary bypass grafts prepared using standard methods exposes subendothelial prothrombotic cells to blood components, thus endangering patients by inducing acute thromboembolic infarction or long-term proliferative stenosis. Our aim was to gain deeper histological and physiological insight into these relations. An intricate network of subendothelial cells, characterized by histological features specific for true pericytes, was detected even in healthy vessels and forms, coupled to the luminal endothelium, a second leaflet of the macrovascular intima. These cells, and particularly those in the venous intima, express enormous concentrations of tissue factor and can recruit additional amounts of up to the 25-fold concentration within 1 h during preincubation with serum (intimal pericytes of venous origin activate 30.71 ± 4.07 pmol coagulation factor x·min−1·10−6 cells; n = 15). Moreover, decoupled from the endothelium, they proliferate rapidly (generation time, 15 ± 2.1 h, n = 8). Central regions of atherosclerotic plaques, as well as of those of restenosed areas of coronary vein grafts, consist almost completely of these cells. In stark contrast with the prothrombogenicity of the intimal pericytes, intact luminal endothelium recruits high concentrations of thrombomodulin (CD 141) specifically within its intercellular junctions, activates Protein C rapidly (42 ± 5.1 pmol/min·106 venous endothelial cells at thrombin saturation; n = 15), can thus actively prevent coagulatory processes, and never expresses histologically detectable and functionally active tissue factor. Given this strongly prothrombotic potential of the intimal pericytes and their overshooting growth behavior in endothelium-denuded vascular regions, they may play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and saphenous vein graft disease.

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Section: Further Histological Characterization Identified Subendothelmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pericytes in the macrovascular intima: possible physiological and pathogenetic impact

Juchem¹,

Weiss

Gansera

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…Pericytes closely communicate with endothelial cells and regulate the maturation, remodeling, and maintenance of the vascular system via the secretion of growth factors or the modulation of the extracellular matrix (2,11,32). Recent studies have demonstrated that, in the central nervous system (CNS), pericytes play a pivotal role in brain angiogenesis, regulation of blood flow, immune responses, and maintenance of blood-brain barrier (3,12,27).…”

Section: Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of NHE1 in calcium signaling and cell proliferation in human CNS pericytes

Nakamura¹,

Kamouchi²,

Kitazono³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The central nervous system (CNS) pericytes play an important role in brain microcirculation. Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) has been suggested to regulate the proliferation of nonvascular cells through the regulation of intracellular pH, Na+, and cell volume; however, the relationship between NHE1 and intracellular Ca2+, an essential signal of cell growth, is still not known. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of NHE1 in Ca2+ signaling and the proliferation of human CNS pericytes. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by fura 2 in cultured human CNS pericytes. The cells showed spontaneous Ca2+ oscillation under quasi-physiological ionic conditions. A decrease in extracellular pH or Na+ evoked a transient Ca2+ rise followed by Ca2+ oscillation, whereas an increase in pH or Na+ did not induce the Ca2+ responses. The Ca2+ oscillation was inhibited by an inhibitor of NHE in a dose-dependent manner and by knockdown of NHE1 by using RNA interference. The Ca2+ oscillation was completely abolished by thapsigargin. The proliferation of pericytes was attenuated by inhibition of NHE1. These results demonstrate that NHE1 regulates Ca2+ signaling via the modulation of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, thus contributing to the regulation of proliferation in CNS pericytes.

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“…The heterogeneity in the endothelial morphology, permeability, and molecular signatures in human and murine mammary tumors (4-6) has highlighted features of tumor angiogenic programs that are under a complex, microenvironment-driven control, in part mediated by pericyte involvement in the tumor vascular bed (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Defining the regulatory elements that modulate the perivascular-endothelial network to control vessel maturation may offer insights into the clinical response to direct and indirect inhibitors of angiogenesis and unravel antagonistic or synergistic effects of drug combination for the treatment of breast cancer (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%