Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade Pathophysiology and New Approaches to Treatment

Hoit, Brian D.

doi:10.1007/s11886-023-01920-8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Large effusions (>500 mL) tend to be seen circumferentially; the echo-free space is greater than 20 mm at its greatest width. 6 In developing countries like ours, different studies have shown the most common cause to be tuberculosis or infective. However, there is paucity of data derived from studies with large sample size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…20(1), 35-38 Altogether 218 cases diagnosed with pericardial effusion were established by Echocardiograpy defined as echo free space of pericardial fluid. 6 Evaluation for the cause of pericardial effusion included complete blood count with ESR, Blood urea, serum creatinine, Chest X-ray, ECG, Thyroid profile, CT chest / MRI if required. Pericardial fluid were analysed for cells, proteins, LDH, malignant cells, ADA, PCR (for mycobacterium tuberculosis), gram staining, AFB staining and cultures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical profile of patients admitted with pericardial effusion in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal

Neupane,

Simkhada,

Manandhar

et al. 2023

Nepalese Heart J.

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Background and Aims: Pericardial effusion is a common finding in every day clinical practice. It is caused by a range of local and systemic disorders, many of which could be idiopathic. Pericardial effusions can be acute or chronic. The etiology of pericardial effusion varies in different parts of the world and is related to the relative prevalence of different diseases. Methods: This is a retrospective study where data from all the cases admitted with pericardial effusion in the SGNHC from January 2021 to December 2022 were included. Altogether 218 cases diagnosed with pericardial effusion established by Echocardiograpy were included. Evaluation for the cause of pericardial effusion was done. Iatrogenic (cardiac surgery, catheterization) and post-traumatic cases and age <15 years were excluded. Demographic profile, common causes, the presentation and the clinical outcome of the patients were documented. Results: Majority of patients were aged between 56-75 years. Most common etiology of pericardial effusion was tuberculosis (56%) followed by heart failure (11%), Hypothyroidism (6.4%) and malignancy (5.6%). Tachycardia was the most common ECG finding in 152 (69.7%) followed by Low voltage ECG in 96 (44%). The most common clinical feature was breathlessness in 85% followed by tachycardia in 56% of the patient. Conclusion: Tuberculosis, Heart Failure and Hypothyroidism were the common causes of Pericardial effusion with male predominance. Breathlessness was the most common presenting symptom.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile of patients admitted with pericardial effusion in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal

Neupane,

Simkhada,

Manandhar

et al. 2023

Nepalese Heart J.

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“…Although viral infections are usually the cause of pericarditis, other causes include renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disorders, trauma, radiation, or drugs [35]. One of the effects of pericarditis is a buildup of fluid in the pericardial region, which puts pressure on the heart and reduces its functionality [36]. Additionally, pericarditis may cause the pericardium to thicken and harden, which would limit the heart's motion and disrupt electrical impulses [37].…”

Section: Inflammation and Arrhythmogenesis: Mechanistic Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and arrhythmogenesis: a narrative review of the complex relationship

Taghdiri

2024

Int J Arrhythm

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Background A biological mechanism called inflammation is necessary for reacting to damaging stimuli, but it can also, ironically, play a role in the formation of arrhythmias, or the group of disorders known as arrhythmogenesis. This review delves into the intricate relationship that exists between localized and systemic inflammation and the electrophysiological changes that result in abnormal heart rhythms. Main body Through oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction, electrolyte imbalances, and coagulation activation, systemic inflammation may impact arrhythmogenicity. Similar to neuropathic alterations, direct cellular damage, and structural remodeling, localized heart inflammation also predisposes to arrhythmias. Studies demonstrating the impact of cytokines on ion channel expression and function, along with clinical associations between inflammatory indicators and arrhythmia incidence, offer the molecular insights. Immune cells like macrophages that alter cardiac conduction are involved in the interaction between inflammation and electrophysiology, which further complicates the situation. Clinical ramifications include the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat arrhythmic episodes and the possible adjustment of arrhythmia treatment based on inflammatory condition. Even yet, further thorough study is necessary to fully understand the efficacy of these medicines. Conclusions Arrhythmogenesis and inflammation are inherently linked by a number of mechanisms that change the electrical characteristics of the heart. Arrhythmia treatment and prevention may benefit from therapeutic approaches that reduce inflammatory processes. The difficulties that still exist in applying this information to clinical settings highlight the necessity of continuing studies to better comprehend the subtleties of inflammation-induced electrical alterations. Progress in identifying biomarkers of inflammation and developing tailored therapies will be crucial in enhancing the prognosis of individuals suffering from arrhythmogenic disorders that are aggravated by inflammation.

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Cardiovascular System, Its Functions and Disorders

Rabadia,

Thite,

Desai

et al. 2024

Cardioprotective Plants

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Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade Pathophysiology and New Approaches to Treatment

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Clinical profile of patients admitted with pericardial effusion in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal

Clinical profile of patients admitted with pericardial effusion in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal

Inflammation and arrhythmogenesis: a narrative review of the complex relationship

Cardiovascular System, Its Functions and Disorders

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