Pericapillary Encephalorrhagia Due to Arsphenamine

Globus, Joseph H.; Ginsburg, Solomon

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1933.02240180048003

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Common symptoms were stupor, convulsions, vomit, headache, fever and delirium. Examination of the brain showed flattenend and broadened convulsions, the vessels of the meninges were congested in some of the cases, necrosis, demyelination and moderate to severe chromatolysis (Roseman and Aring, 1941;Globus and Ginsburg, 1933). Treatment with melarsoprol may lead to severe reactive arsenical encephalopathy, which may manifest itself either as acute nonlethal mental disturbances without overt clinical neurological signs, or rapidly progressive coma without convulsions, or convulsive status associated with acute cerebral edema Adams et al, 1986).…”

Section: Effects Of Arsenic On the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food

2009

EFSA Journal

864

220

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The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) assessed the risks to human health related to the presence of arsenic in food. More than 100,000 occurrence data on arsenic in food were considered with approximately 98 % reported as total arsenic. Making a number of assumptions for the contribution of inorganic arsenic to total arsenic, the inorganic arsenic exposure from food and water across 19 European countries, using lower bound and upper bound concentrations, has been estimated to range from 0.13 to 0.56 µg/kg bodyweight (b.w.) per day for average consumers, and from 0.37 to 1.22 µg/kg b.w. per day for 95 th percentile consumers. Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic for children under three years of age is in general estimated to be from 2 to 3-fold that of adults. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 15 µg/kg b.w. established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is no longer appropriate as data had shown that inorganic arsenic causes cancer of the lung and urinary bladder in addition to skin, and that a range of adverse effects had been reported at exposures lower than those reviewed by the JECFA. The CONTAM Panel modelled the dose-response data from key for providing consumption information and calculating exposure, the partners of the EFSA project on the "Individual food consumption data and exposure" coordinated by Ghent University (Department of Public Health, University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium), and RIKILT (Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands) for the accessibility of the exposure assessment tools. 4 Table of contents shows now the fourth level of subheadings. 5 An error in the interpretation of the total number of the population in the study of Rahman et al. (2006a) was discovered (Table 41). The BMDL was recalculated and as a consequence it was not considered a potential reference point. The text in the opinion, Table 43 and Appendix were revised accordingly. In addition, the header of the "total number of cases" was replaced by "total number of individuals" in Tables 40-42 and the erroneous units were corrected to µg/L in the text below SUMMARYArsenic is a metalloid that occurs in different inorganic and organic forms, which are found in the environment both from natural occurrence and from anthropogenic activity. The inorganic forms of arsenic are more toxic as compared to the organic arsenic but so far most of the occurrence data in food collected in the framework of official food control are still reported as total arsenic without differentiating the various arsenic species. The need for speciation data is evident because several investigations have shown that especially in seafood most of the arsenic is present in organic forms that are less toxic. Consequently, a risk assessment not taking into account the different species but considering total arsenic as being present exclusively as inorganic arsenic would lead to a considerable overestimation of the health risk rel...

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Section: Effects Of Arsenic On the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food

2009

EFSA Journal

864

220

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“…However, hemorrhagic encephalopathy, which used to be a frequent and fatal complication of organic arsenical therapy for syphilis (Globus and Ginsburg, 1933), sometimes after a single dose, seems to be related to special features of the configuration of the organic moiety of the molecule rather than due primarily to the presence of arsenic. There is abundant evidence that such compounds have a direct action upon the vascular bed, not only of nervous tissue, but of other organs as well (Weston-Hurst, 1959).…”

Section: Arsenic and Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Environmental Agents

Kolber¹,

Wong²,

Grant³

et al. 1983

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“…Still other precursors of this type of encephaiojnyelitis are antirabic treatment (Babes & Mironesco, 1908;Fielder, 1916;Stuart & Krikorian, 1930;Bassoe & Grinker, 1930; and others) 9 and treatment with antitetanus serum (Csermely, 1950)**. Finally, rather similar or less closely similar conditions have followed therapy with sulphonamides (Schubert, 1938;Fisher & Gilmour, 1939)<* and arsenicals (Russell, 1937?1; through the haemorrhagic encephalitis considered more characteristic of the neurotoxic effects of arsenic (see Globus & Ginsburg, 1933)"*, these cases possibly link up with the acute haemorrhagic Jeuco-encephalitis described by Hurst (1941)** and with intermediate cases occurring spontaneously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Post-Infection Encephalitides

Hurst¹

1953

British Medical Bulletin

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Pericapillary Encephalorrhagia Due to Arsphenamine

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food

Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food

In Vitro Toxicity Testing of Environmental Agents

The Post-Infection Encephalitides

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