“…Several studies have examined the endometrial transcriptome during the periattachment period in cattle, and these studies consistently identify immune function genes and pathways as being the most highly regulated during early pregnancy Walker et al, 2010;Cerri et al, 2012;Bauersachs and Wolf, 2015). Fewer studies focus on changes in uterine immune cell populations in ruminants during this same time (Leung et al, 2000;Oliveira et al, 2013;Kamat et al, 2016;Vasudevan et al, 2017) compared with more extensive literature for later pregnancy and the periparturient period (Nasar et al, 2002;Tekin and Hansen, 2002;Hansen, 2008, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2010;Fox et al, 2010). Furthermore, much of the work in this field occurred more than 15 yr ago, when cellular morphology alone (Vander Wielen and King, 1984) or poorly characterized antibodies (Gongolin-Ewens , 1989;Lee et al, 1988) were used to identify immune cell populations.…”