Abstract:SummaryPeri-operative cardiovascular risk assessment and management remain important and challenging tasks for the general internist. Since the 1999 publication of the now-widely-used revised cardiac risk index assessment model, there have been further risk factor qualifiers identified and newer predictive models developed. These include patient and surgical characteristic qualifiers, biomarkers, and new predictive models for non-cardiac and vascular surgery patients. These qualifiers and models inform improve… Show more
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