Peri-Implant Tissue Is an Important Niche for
            <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>
            in Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection in Mice

Broekhuizen, Corine A.N.; Boer, Leonie de; Schipper, Kim; Jones, Christopher D.; Quadir, Shan; Feldman, Roger G.; Dankert, J.; Vandenbroucke-Grauls, Christina M. J. E.; Weening, Jan J.; Zaat, Sebastian A. J.

doi:10.1128/iai.01262-06

Cited by 51 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…47,48 After different aging durations, implants were incubated with a human isolate of S. epidermidis to imitate the natural contamination of silicone specimens for our in vitro study, a method that has proven to be valuable before. 26,49,50 Surprisingly, the findings of this study suggest that artificial aging does not affect R a and SFE of silicone specimens. The lack of change of surface characteristics due to artificial aging is rather striking as, for example, very resistant and hard-wearing dental materials have shown evident changes after the process of artificial aging.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Effectiveness of antibacterial copper additives in silicone implants

Gosau¹,

Bürgers

Vollkommer³

et al. 2012

J Biomater Appl

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Staphylococcus epidermidis plays a major role in capsular contractures of silicone breast implants. This in vitro study evaluates the antibacterial effect of copper on S. epidermidis in silicone implants. Specimens of a silicone material used for breast augmentation (Cu0) and specimens coated with different copper concentrations (Cu1, Cu2) were artificially aged. Surface roughness and surface free energy were assessed. The specimens were incubated in an S. epidermidis suspension. We assessed the quantification and the viability of adhering bacteria by live/dead cell labeling with fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, inhibition of bacterial growth was evaluated by agar diffusion, broth culture, and quantitative culture of surface bacteria. No significant differences in surface roughness and surface free energy were found between Cu0, Cu1 and Cu2. Aging did not change surface characteristics and the extent of bacterial adhesion. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the quantity of bacteria on Cu0 was significantly higher than that on Cu1 and Cu2. The ratio of dead to total adhering bacteria was significantly lower on Cu0 than on Cu1 and Cu2, and tended to be higher for Cu2 than for Cu1. Quantitative culture showed equal trends. Copper additives seem to have anti-adherence and bactericidal effects on S. epidermidis in vitro.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Effectiveness of antibacterial copper additives in silicone implants

Gosau¹,

Bürgers

Vollkommer³

et al. 2012

J Biomater Appl

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“…The antibiotic cannot be replenished and thus the surface is now susceptible to infection by bacteria from distant sites. Alternatively, infection can be caused by bacteria that remained viable in close proximity of the implant, possibly even inside cells of the patient's immune system [71,72]. In the case of catheters, antibiotic lock solutions are applied to prevent or treat catheter-associated bloodstream infections.…”

Section: Antibiotic Releasing Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Strategies in the Development of Antimicrobial Coatings: The Example of Increasing Usage of Silver and Silver Nanoparticles

2011

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Bacterial infection from medical devices is a major problem and accounts for an increasing number of deaths as well as high medical costs. Many different strategies have been developed to decrease the incidence of medical device related infection. One way to prevent infection is by modifying the surface of the devices in such a way that no bacterial adhesion can occur. This requires modification of the complete surface with, mostly, hydrophilic polymeric surface coatings. These materials are designed to be non-fouling, meaning that protein adsorption and subsequent microbial adhesion are minimized. Incorporation of antimicrobial agents in the bulk material or as a surface coating has been considered a viable alternative for systemic application of antibiotics. However, the manifestation of more and more multi-drug resistant bacterial strains restrains the use of antibiotics in a preventive strategy. The application of silver nanoparticles on the surface of medical devices has been used to prevent bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation. The nanoparticles are either deposited directly on the device surface, or applied in a polymeric surface coating. The silver is slowly released from the surface, thereby killing the bacteria present near the surface. In the last decade there has been a surplus of studies applying the concept of silver nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent on a range of different medical devices. The main problem however is that the exact antimicrobial mechanism of silver remains unclear. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy of silver on OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2011, 3 341 medical devices varies to a great extent. Here we will review existing antimicrobial coating strategies and discuss the use of silver or silver nanoparticles on surfaces that are designed to prevent medical device related infections.

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“…We challenged mice with a small inoculum of 10 6 CFU of S. epidermidis RP62a since after 14 days only a few S. epidermidis bacteria persist (4,8). This, then, was considered the optimal starting point to suppress the immune system in order to reactivate the infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. epidermidis strain RP62a (ATCC 35984) was used in the mouse experimental biomaterial-associated in-fection model. Strain RP62a harbors the biofilm-associated icaA, atlE, aap, and sarA genes and produces polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and ␦-toxin (8). MICs according to a standard Etest of strain RP62a were the following (g/ml): rifampin, Ͻ0.016; teicoplanin, 3; gentamicin, 8; and vancomycin, 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This causes morbidity and mortality and increases hospital costs considerably (11,25). Bacteria causing these infections can be present on the implanted material and form a biofilm (17,23,43), but they are also found in the surrounding tissue (3,(7)(8)(9). Previously, we have shown that in a mouse model of BAI, bacteria are present in higher numbers in the tissue surrounding the implanted material than on the biomaterial itself (3-5, 7, 8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microscopic Detection of ViableStaphylococcus epidermidisin Peri-Implant Tissue in Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection, Identified by Bromodeoxyuridine Incorporation

et al. 2010

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Infection of biomedical devices is characterized by biofilm formation and colonization of surrounding tissue by the causative pathogens. To investigate whether bacteria detected microscopically in tissue surrounding infected devices were viable, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a nucleotide analogue that is incorporated into bacterial DNA and can be detected with antibodies. Infected human tissue was obtained postmortem from patients with intravascular devices, and mouse biopsy specimens were obtained from mice with experimental biomaterial infection. In vitro experiments showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis incorporated BrdU, as judged from staining of the bacteria with anti-BrdU antibodies. After incubation of bacteria with BrdU and subsequent staining of microscopic sections with anti-BrdU antibodies, bacteria could be clearly visualized in the tissue surrounding intravascular devices of deceased patients. With this staining technique, relapse of infection could be visualized in mice challenged with a low dose of S. epidermidis and treated with dexamethasone between 14 and 21 days after challenge to suppress immunity. This confirms and extends our previous findings that pericatheter tissue is a reservoir for bacteria in biomaterial-associated infection. The pathogenesis of the infection and temporo-spatial distribution of viable, dividing bacteria can now be studied at the microscopic level by immunolabeling with BrdU and BrdU antibodies.

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Peri-Implant Tissue Is an Important Niche for Staphylococcus epidermidis in Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection in Mice

Cited by 51 publications

References 46 publications

Effectiveness of antibacterial copper additives in silicone implants

Effectiveness of antibacterial copper additives in silicone implants

New Strategies in the Development of Antimicrobial Coatings: The Example of Increasing Usage of Silver and Silver Nanoparticles

Microscopic Detection of ViableStaphylococcus epidermidisin Peri-Implant Tissue in Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection, Identified by Bromodeoxyuridine Incorporation

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