Perfusion and diffusion limitations in middle ear gas exchange: The exchange of CO2 as a test case

Marcusohn, Yael; Ar, Amos; Dirckx, Joris J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2010.03.078

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These mucosal folds, however, are sufficiently apparent, numerous, and generally large (see Fig. ), to suggest that they could have a significant suspensory role in addition to their assumed contribution to ME gas exchange (Marcusohn et al, ) and blood supply to the ossicles (Sim and Puria, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro‐CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples

Greef

Buytaert

Aerts

et al. 2015

Journal of Morphology

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A multitude of morphological aspects of the human middle ear (ME) were studied qualitatively and/or quantitatively through the postprocessing and interpretation of micro-CT (micro X-ray computed tomography) data of six human temporal bones. The samples were scanned after phosphotungstic acid staining to enhance soft-tissue contrast. The influence of this staining on ME ossicle configuration was shown to be insignificant. Through postprocessing, the image data were converted into surface models, after which the approaches diverged depending on the topics of interest. The studied topics were: the ME ligaments; morphometric and mechanical parameters of the ossicles relating to inertia and the ossicular lever arm ratio; the morphology of the distal incus; the contact surface areas of the tympanic membrane (TM) and of the stapes footplate; and the thickness of the TM, round window of the cochlea, ossicle joint spaces, and stapedial annular ligament. Some of the resulting insights are relevant in ongoing discussions concerning ME morphology and mechanical functions, while other results provide quantitative data to add to existing data. All findings are discussed in the light of other published data and many are relevant for the construction of mechanical finite element simulations of the ME.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro‐CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples

Greef

Buytaert

Aerts

et al. 2015

Journal of Morphology

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“…In terms of gas exchange and pressure regulation the role of the mucosal perfusion is still under debate (Marcusohn et al, 2010). Moreover, recent clinical investigations have shown systematic bidirectional short term counter-regulation of experimental changes in ME pressure which indicates that the mastoid may play an active role in pressure regulation (Gaihede et al, 2010).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-channels in the mastoid anatomy. Indications of a separate blood supply of the air cell system mucosa by micro-CT scanning

et al. 2013

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channels in the mastoid anatomy. Indications of a separate blood supply of the air cell system mucosa by micro-CT scanning, 2013, Hearing Research, (301) Tel: +46 (0)13 286724.Fax: +46 (0)13 101902.Abbreviations: ME = middle ear; TM = tympanic membrane; 2 AbstractThe mastoid air cell system has traditionally been considered a passive role in gas exchange and pressure regulation of the middle ear possibly with some acoustic function. However, more evidence has focused on the mucosa of the mastoid, which may play a more active role in regulation of middle ear pressure.In this study we have applied micro-CT scanning on a series of three human temporal bones.This approach greatly enhances the resolution (40 to 60 µm), so that we have discovered anatomical details, which has not been reported earlier. Thus, qualitative analysis using volume rendering has demonstrated notable micro-channels connecting the surface of the compact bone directly to the mastoid air cells as well as forming a network of connections between the air cells. Quantitative analysis on 2D slices was employed to determine the average diameter of these micro-channels (158 µm; range = 40 to 440 µm) as well as their density at a localized area (average = 75 cm -2 ; range = 64 to 97 cm -2 ).These channels are hypothesized to contain a separate vascular supply for the mastoid mucosa. However, future studies of the histological structure of the micro-channels are warranted to confirm the hypothesis. Studies on the mastoid mucosa and its blood supply may improve our knowledge of its physiological properties, which may have important implications for our understanding of the pressure regulation of the middle ear.

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“…While a number of studies showed preferential areas of ME gas reserve or changes in the mucosal thickness during pathology, these effects can be expected only to increase or decrease the rate of transmucosal gas exchange 48,49 but will not solve the problem of the partial-pressure difference between blood and ME. Similarly, in a set of studies of questionable design, the transmucosal rate of all physiological gas was reported to be perfusion limited, 50 but these results were not replicated in other experiments 51 and again do not affect the passive ME to blood exchange properties of ME mucosa.…”

Section: Middle Earmentioning

confidence: 96%

Panel 2: Eustachian Tube, Middle Ear, and Mastoid—Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pathogenesis

Swarts

Alper

Luntz

et al. 2013

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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In the future, imaging technologies should be developed to noninvasively assess ME/ET structure and physiology with respect to their role in OM pathogenesis. The new data derived from form/function experiments should be integrated into the finite element models and used to develop specific hypotheses concerning OM pathogenesis and persistence. Finally, rigorous studies of treatments, medical or surgical, of ET dysfunction should be undertaken.

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Perfusion and diffusion limitations in middle ear gas exchange: The exchange of CO2 as a test case

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro‐CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples

Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro‐CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples

Micro-channels in the mastoid anatomy. Indications of a separate blood supply of the air cell system mucosa by micro-CT scanning

Panel 2: Eustachian Tube, Middle Ear, and Mastoid—Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pathogenesis

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