Perfusable Tissue Bioprinted into a 3D-Printed Tailored Bioreactor System

Abstract

Bioprinting provides a powerful tool for regenerative medicine, as it allows tissue construction with a patient’s specific geometry. However, tissue culture and maturation, commonly supported by dynamic bioreactors, are needed. We designed a workflow that creates an implant-specific bioreactor system, which is easily producible and customizable and supports cell cultivation and tissue maturation. First, a bioreactor was designed and different tissue geometries were simulated regarding shear stress and nutrient distribution to match cell culture requirements. These tissues were then directly bioprinted into the 3D-printed bioreactor. To prove the ability of cell maintenance, C2C12 cells in two bioinks were printed into the system and successfully cultured for two weeks. Next, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were successfully differentiated toward an adipocyte lineage. As the last step of the presented strategy, we developed a prototype of an automated mobile docking station for the bioreactor. Overall, we present an open-source bioreactor system that is adaptable to a wound-specific geometry and allows cell culture and differentiation. This interdisciplinary roadmap is intended to close the gap between the lab and clinic and to integrate novel 3D-printing technologies for regenerative medicine.

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…7 µm, and density: 1140 kg(m 3 ) Prediction of fluid shear stress on Voronoi scaffold surface, MSCs attachment on the scaffold and mechano-regulation osteoblast differentiation (MrOD) 1050 kg/m 3 , minimum and maximum dynamic viscosities: 0.001 and 0.708 kg/m/s, consistency index: 0.017 kg.s n−2 /m, power law exponent: 0.708) Prediction of transport properties inside open cell Neovius TPMS scaffolds for BTE [163] Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian flow model and DPM Pressure drops, specific surface area, and cell seeding efficiency Blood (Density: 1050 kg/m 3 , inlet velocity: 0.1 mm/s, lower and upper viscosities: 0.25 and 0.0035 Pa.s) MSCs (density: 1130 kg/m 3 , diameter: 10 µm and initial cell number: 3600) Influence of pore size of TPMS scaffolds on cell seeding [164] FEM-based CFD model with Brinkmann equation for shear stress in scaffold medium Flow velocity and shear stress Culture medium (Inlet flow rate: 2 mL/min) Development of CFD models for evaluation of perfusion bioreactor systems to predict flow parameters of β-Tricalcium phosphate scaffolds in BTE : 1.5 g/min), Glucose in tissues (Diffusion coefficient: 6 × 10-10 m 2 /s, elimination rate: −1.157 + 10 −4 mol/(m 3 .s))Prediction of shear stress and nutrient distribution into tissues in a perfusion bioreactor[166] …”